How have cultures from the ‘west’ been represented in the ‘east’ Essay Example for Free

How have cultures from the ‘west’ been represented in the ‘east’ Essay Fundamentally the term culture means to cultivate but on other hand this word also contains some other meanings and definitions as well. Number of writers and author worked and surveyed on the actual definition of culture and in year 1952 Alfred Kroeber and Clyde has presented approximately 164 defamations of this word â€Å"culture†. If we focus these definitions and research work by our well-known authors then we can came to know the fact that culture is simply the critical review of concepts and definitions that people have. Along with this the fact has also been revealed that culture can be presented and illustrated with three different approaches like the taste in fine arts and humanities is one of the significant ways of defining one’s culture or perspective. Similarly values, goals and attitudes are also used in illustrating the cultural values. (Bryan 1963) Beside above mentioned points the human knowledge , belief and the attitudes are also used in promoting culture as these things has the power and capacity to define the thoughts and ideas of people. Later after finding numerous definition of culture in twentieth century this word emerges out with new concepts as the focus point of anthropology, which means that culture is a word that is actually composed of all the actions and thoughts that is performed by human anywhere in the world and all these behaviors does not have any sort of relation with the genetics. In West, this word has its own meaning as they have their own approaches and thoughts regarding this term, as according to them culture basically defines two things that include the human experience, imaginations and incidents which occurs with them and later they present those things according to their art and used their power of creativity as well. (Alan Bryan 1963) Similarly they illustrated the meaning of culture by presenting the idea that in this entire world there are number of people who have their own way and manners of living and with their own ideas, experience and conditions they define their own meaning of culture as the way of defining culture varies from place to place and from people to people as well. But later after the World War 2 numerous authors reformed the definition of culture and the style they had presented it was also changed and among those authors albeit played a significnat role as in this era his work and ideas are still followed and apprectiated. Besides these above mentioned definition when we go though numerous research paper and studies of different authors from all over the world we came to know the fact that number of artist were born in west side and presented beautiful and unique work that portrayed their thoughts regarding culture and numerous other things. Among these beautiful and talented artist Hansen is a significant name. This man was born in year 1960 in West area where the natural beauty, purity and environment was so attractive that form the early stage this boy started visioning, drawing and portraying his cultural beauty in a marvelous manner. Hansen completed his educational career and returned to homeland in 1990, but during his early days of schooling this young boy started painting in year 1969, after that he went abroad to study mechanical design as well. Later he came back to America and served this country as a technical drawing specialist. Ms Georgian was the lady who impressed Hansen and he want himself to work and serve the idea of culture through his talent and skills of painting and drawing. He has developed his own unique sense of styling which reflects his philosophical mind as well. As time passes this young boy’s skills in promoting culture were notified by numerous people and his professional career started in which he designed numerous spectacular designs in the boating industry. The concept of portraying culture in such manner was so much appreciated by people that the technique of introducing abstract and cubist was later adopted by the artist of East as well. Beside Hansen’s work numerous other artist work and thought are adopted by the people of East. Christians also played a vital role in promoting cultural values and portraying them in such a manner that it was appreciated by the entire world. And among there marvelous work the oldest and the most symbolic thing is the cross sign which is known as the sign of Christian’s faith. The idea of presenting cross sign has played a significant role in numerous other cultures as well. People from different region especially from east side have adopted it as well and defines their own meaning of this symbol. If we go through to the detail and deep knowledge of this cross then we came to know numerous facts regarding it as it was revealed that through ages and centuries people are using and following this cross sign to protect themselves from illness, to have good fortune, and to show their respect to their religion and numerous other things as well. After the great success of promoting culture is such manner numerous other artists has developed countless version of its, which include X-Shaped St. Andrews cross and the T-shaped teau-cross as well. Beside this, the people of Greek have used this symbol in order to represent the four cardinal directions as well or we can say that they tried to represent the four basic elements which include earth, wind, water and fire. Other than this, the people of India have used this symbol as well in order to show the four main directions of heavens. Similarly, the people of Africa has designed cross roads and there concept of it is that these crossroads are places where the world of living and dead meet. In addition with this, numerous Eastern artists used this shaped to promote their cultural jewelry as well. Along with above mentioned things, Eastern people have also discovered new and interesting things in Japan by following the writings of Shakespeare as they had focused the plays of him and started studying the canonical values of his theater and implement the thoughts and ideas in order to promote the cultural things. Similarly, the people of Japan also have a great history in promoting cultural things through different and unique ideas such as the monster is one of the significant thing that Japanese promotes in their culture which was actually the creation of human imagination which resemble numerous things at different points like people, other animals or well –known objects as well. (Kuncaraningrat 1985) The artist of West promote their cultural values and things by numerous ways and among them music is the major source. With the help of unique and different musical instruments they define their thoughts and ideas regarding their culture. All sort of music either rock, pop or slow all were used to promote culture. In addition with these the artist of West also launched numerous sort of games that have music like Krongcong is one of the famous and well-known musical game that was designed in a manner that the music lovers start playing them and the main focus of promoting culture with the help of music will also go on with such innovative discoveries. Similarly along with music, dance is another thing that is used in order to promote culture of West, as it is the best approach of reflecting and showing the diversification of different ethical groups that compose the entire West portion of the world. This technique of promoting culture was adopted by the artist of East as well, as this gave great opportunity to show the traditional and cultural values of one’s states. The people of West also use the source of drama and theaters in order to promote their cultural values, and this technique really works as people form all over the world came to watch such sort of drama that promotes culture and things regarding traditional values. Along with this the people of East represent the culture of West in their region by using the traditional arts things which includes paintings, sculpture and numerous sort of architecture as well. Not only this they also used literature and poetry in order to present the idea and thoughts regarding the culture and traditional values of West. For people who loved food the Eastern group facilitate them by provding and presenting the Western dishes, along with this the more powerful and source that the Eastern people used in order to represent the culture of West in the media, as there is a great number of cinemas within East and these cinemas has played a significant role in spreading every bite of cultural things and cover all the traditional values of the entire West. In previous days, this source did not work as much but at the beginning of year 1980 this platform reaches the peak and concurred the highest level as well. Beside this cinema’s role numerous Eastern artists have played a significant role in order to promote and represent the culture and traditions of West within their country and this medium of representing the culture is very much appreciated by all as in this every age group can find its own interesting things to go for. Other than this, radio network which was formed in year 1945 also played a significant role, especially after 2006 numerous radio channels are launched using Digital Audio Broadcasting and Hybrid system that are also facilitating in promoting the cultural values all over the East. But all these above mentioned approaches had a positive result till political issues do not arise. In early days if we go through the detail representation techniques of promoting and showing culture of West in East we came to know that its result is very much effective as long as it was concerned as the homogenous population things towards mass production. This multiculturalism has worked for a long time in order to show the Western European society. The people of French also liked and welcomed this sort of representation and wrote numerous theories on it and named such things as a class struggle which highlighted the real charm, beauty as well as the weakness, along with this such representation also include ethics, religion and race issues but this thought of promoting culture is no more seen due to numerous political issues. Adams 2006) As now people have the idea that political, cultural, social and economical dialogue projects are addressed but should not be exclusively shown in Muslim countries, beside this according to the political rules the training programs, information of technologies and other things should not be shown and promoted on other side rather than West as this cause great trouble to the citizens of the west. Beside this the global conflict is also one of the major reason of promoting culture and traditional things in such a way, as the people of other country did not have the actual idea or right to promote each other cultural values as by this they often show our cultural things in a wrong manner and this cause big issues. According to a survey and research numerous authors wrote things about politicians idea that they have an idea that assimilation model can’t work longer because he people who are from different state are not like us and they have different skin color, they have other religion whose rules are not applicable on us, as we are not of same group, culture, and we does not have same social and traditional values. Similarly the political rules that are governing West also have the idea that we people are from different type of population and thats why we cant work on same issue with hand in hand as these people are living in a territory which has no political representation and they wants to copy our theories and approaches by promoting our cultural and traditional values. (Adams 2006) In a nut shell, we can conclude our paper that the idea of presenting and promoting culture and traditional values of each other provide us great benefit as by this we can come to know the real concepts and ideas of each other, and this thing also facilitate us in getting new approaches as well but this concept that arises in this era that by doing so we people can face numerous difficulties and political issues is not good for both the citizens of West as well as East so we should cover up such issues and focus on the growth and development of cultural as well as other things which is a great need for all of us.

Philosophy of Education Essay -- Education Teaching Teachers Careers E

Philosophy of Education In this paper, I wish to discuss my beliefs for education. These beliefs include my philosophy in a general manner, and the reasons why I want to become an educator. In this paper I will also describe what my furture classroom will look like, and how my classroom will be run. I also discuss my views on education reform in conclusion. I have found that my philosophy of education is a combination of two philosophies. They are Idealism and Realism. I also agree with two points in the Existentialism and pragmatism philosophies. L believe that a teacher should know their content very well. This is one of the most important things that I believe that I should do as a classroom teacher. I also believe that the classroom teacher is a model for the students. The students will watch them to see how they live their lives and how they react to situations that may arise in the classroom. I also believe that each child in the world today is a valuable contribution to society. Each child can fulfill any dream they may have, but I also believe that your dreams need to be reasonable. Each child can contribute something to society because the world needs farmers just as much as they need politicians. Another important thing that I believe should be focused on is to encourage students to seek the truth. I fee l that this statement means that a student need to establish their own beliefs on issues, and they also need to be able to back up why they believe what they believe. These beliefs need to be personal. The teacher does not need to focus on their own personal beliefs, but also on beliefs that are opposite of theirs. A teacher needs to focus on the good and bad things on eac... ...ectly. When the results of the reform are used correctly, reform will be effective. As an educator during reform initiatives, I will support the things that will make the education of students more effective. These are my beliefs for education. They include my general philosophy of education, and why I want to become an educator. Also I have described what my classroom will look like. This includes what my seating arrangement will be, and also what the bulletin boards in my classroom will contain. I have also discussed whether my classroom will be authoritarian or nonauthoritarian. I also discuss how I plan to manage the classroom, motivate the students, issue discipline, how I will teach, and how I will lead the students in my classroom. Lastly, I discuss my views on education reform, and whether it is effective or not to the education world.

What Children Really Need

Parenting is one of the hardest things to do. It can be a very stressful task to do in your life but it is one of the greatest things as well. Right from the time they are born, from infancy to adulthood, children have a vast array of growing needs and expectations from their parents. Apart from basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing, children look to their parents to fulfill their many essential needs. I feel that children need loving homes, parental guidance, and a feeling of security from the time they walk through the front door after school to when they awaken each orning. They deserve the stability that comes with discipline and well-placed expectations. Parental love should be special in two respects. First of all, it should be constant and unconditional, which means it is always present, even when the child is acting in an unlovable manner. In addition, parents should be open in expressing and showing love so that children are never uncertain about its presence. This means parents should hug and praise their children at every available opportunity. Parents can also occasionally review their strengths and eaknesses with them and work together on any difficulties in communicating or collaborating. The parents can also help children learn work skills. By not assigning responsibilities around the house, nor making certain that deadlines are met, they can become irresponsible and ineffective. Another thing is that all children need parental guidance. Parents need to actively teach basic values and manners in order for them to get along well in society. By offering guidance to children when they have problems, parents need to state their thoughts in a few sentences rather han giving a lecture. It is helpful to many children to understand that your door is always open. For example, instead of obsessing about the need to be admitted to a good college, talk to them about life beyond those years. A parent could discuss the pros and cons of their own c areer. Children often respond to the question, â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up† as, â€Å"I don't know. † If you don't have that open communication to redirect their ideas, they could continue to have a cloudy idea for their future. Also, children need a range of authentic role models. Having regular family meal discussions about people the family knows is a great practice. If communication about appropriate role models are not discussed, a child could look up to members of their clique, rock idols, and unwarranted athletes. Finally children need to feel secure in their world. If the family feels safe, then the child feels secure. As they grow up this sense of security is then internalized. Life is like a roller coaster with many stresses and setbacks. Children should know how to deal with these feelings of uncertainty. They need to also learn how to solve problems as well as resolve conflicts. In our home we discuss and practice these skills in everyday life situations. Parents do not need to overindulge their children with the latest video games, extravagant vacations, or too many extracurricular activities after school to feel safe and secure. If a parent relentlessly tries this with their children, they will be creating inflated egos that will surely burst in later years. In conclusion, parenting is not a simple task, and it is easy to become frustrated and uncertain at times. It often means putting aside your own thoughts and feelings in order to understand the whole child. Children have a continuing need for parental support and encouragement from infancy throughout young adulthood. It is possible to build a future that is better than the past. Keeping this in mind, the most important thing is to remember to provide your children with unconditional, loving homes, guidance, and a sense of security.

Business Studies Essay

Business Studies Essay Nature of Board Level decisions and the contribution of the finance director The performance of any organization, may it be for profit or not for profit, heavily depends on the decisions that are made by the management of the organization. It is worth noting that decisions made in the organization differ greatly, depending on the position of those involved in making those decisions. The board is one body that plays a crucial role in determining the future of an organization, based on the nature of the decisions that they make. A board refers to a group of individuals who have been legally accorded the responsibility of governing an organization. Another key player in decision making is the finance director. Unquestionably, financial resources are one of the key resources for any organization, and for that reason, the contributions of the finance director influences the decisions that are undertaken or rather formulated by the board of directors. This easy seeks to critically analyze the nature of board level decisions as well as the contribution made by the f inance director in the formulation of these decisions. Composition of board members varies from one organization to another, depending on its nature as well as its objectives. Despite of these variations, the decisions made at the board level tend to be similar in one way or another. Being at the top in managerial rank in the organization, the nature of decisions that are made by the board varies a lot, as these decisions affect the organization in all perspectives, (Christopher, 2004). For instance, decisions made by the board influences the way the particular organization will be managed. The board is responsible for the selection and appointment of the chief executive, who is accorded the mandate to carry out administration duties in the organization. It is the duty of the board to determine how their organization is managed by for instance, reviewing and evaluating the performance of the chief executive on a regular basis based on leadership of the organization, planning and implementation of these plans, as well as management of the workforce. To some extent, the board also provides administrative guidance to the chief executive. Thus, one of the characteristics of the decisions that are made at the board level is that, these decisions influences the governance or rather management of the organization by the chief executive, (Bruce Alexander, 2002). Another characteristic of the decisions made at the board level is that, they influence the policies and objectives of the organization in general. Together with the chief executive, the board makes decisions on organization policies and objectives that are aimed at the general growth of the organization. They are also responsible for changing policies depending on the situations that the organization is facing. Some of the decisions made at the board level concerning organizational policies and objectives include assigning priorities as well as ensuring the capacity of the organization to undertake services/products/programs by a continuous review of its work, (Iti, 2009). One of the responsibilities of the board is to ensure that there are adequate resources and that these resources are managed effectively. Therefore, another characteristics made at the board level is that they are always focused to resource acquisition and management. For instance, at one point the organization may be facing financial challenges which require considering alternative sources of funds. Some of the available options may include using external sources of funds such as a loan from a financial institution, or using internal sources such as increasing the share capital, (Soo, 2011). The board is obligated to give the final decision on the best alternative, based on the short-term and long-term objectives of the organization. Besides making decisions on acquisition of resources, the board also has to come up with the best ways in which these resources are going to be utilized. Therefore, they must make decisions which will ensure accountability and efficient use of the resou rces. Lastly but not least, the board is responsible for making final investment decisions. In almost all organizations, the board is mandated to review programs that have been proposed by the chief executive. This review incorporates investment decisions that are being proposed by the chief executive and his/her team, as well as the expenses that are expected to be incurred in implementing the investment program. The final decision on the implementation of investment projects lies on the board. The decisions they make in this case will depend on the financial position of the company, the expected returns, the costs to be incurred in the process, and more importantly, the risks that are associated with the proposed investment program. Based on these factors, the board may decide to support the investment or decline this proposal. Thus, the other nature of the board level decisions is that they influence the investment programs in their organizations. Finally, as mentioned above, financial resources are very crucial in any organization, and the contribution of the financial director in decision making is very vital. The financial director is an individual who has been given the responsibility to manage financial risks of an agency or business. He/she is also given the mandate to undertake financial planning, reporting as well as record-keeping on behalf of the higher management. Therefore, the contribution of the financial director in decision making more especially at the board level decision making is very vital. Any investment and financial decisions to be made by the board are based on the financial reports that have been prepared by the financial director. Through these reports, the board decides whether to or not to ratify use of alternative sources of financing investments, as well as the impacts of any investment on the organization in general. Role of corporate governance in a company listed on London stock market Arguably, corporate governance is an important part of any company. It entails various processes, laws, policies, customs, as well as institutions which influence the way a company is controlled. A crucial subject matter of corporate governance is the character and scope of people’s accountability in business, as well as the means of decreasing the principal-agent problem. It also incorporates the relationship among stakeholders involved as well as the goals for which the company is managed. Stakeholders involved in corporate governance can be broadly classified into two categories: external stakeholders and internal stakeholders. External stakeholders include communities impacted by activities of the corporation, customers of the corporation, suppliers, trade creditors, debtors, and the shareholders, (FRC 2010). On the other hand, internal stakeholders include the employees, executives, and the board of directors. There are various rules and regulations that have been set by the government as well as the stock markets on how corporate governance in any given corporation should be undertaken. These rules and regulation have been stipulated in the various codes and corporate governance principles. For instance, there are specific rules and regulations which have to be followed for companies that have been listed on the London Stock Market. This essay will be focused on discussing the various roles of corporate governance in a company listed on the main London Stock Market (LSM). The role of corporate governance in companies listed on London Stock Market covers five broad areas: auditing, ownership structure and exercise of control rights, financial transparency and information disclosure, corporate responsibility and compliance, and lastly, board and management structure and process. In connection to the board and management structure and process, every corporation listed on LSM should be headed by a board which will be charged with the long-term success of the corporation. A clear division of the responsibilities of the executive and the board should be drawn, in running the business of the company. Moreover, the board should be under the leadership of the chairman, who ensures its efficiency of its role in all aspects, (FRC 2010). To ensure effectiveness of the board, there should be suitable experience, skills, independence as well as knowledge of the company in both the board and its committees. Corporate governance should also ensure that new directors of the board are appointed through a transparent, rigorous and formal process. For efficient discharge of duties, it is the role of corporate governance to ensure that the board is supplied with information in a timely manner. Lastly, through corporate governance, a good relationship between the board and the shareholder should be enhanced. The progress of the business of the company is communicated to the shareholders during the Annual General Meeting called for by the board of directors, (Pol, Jeffrey, and Howard, 2010). There other role of corporate governance is ensuring that there is financial transparency and information disclosure in the company. The LSM has set rules and regulations that should be followed to ensure that there is accountability in the governance of companies. As part of these rules and regulations, it is a requirement for companies to prepare annual financial reports that represents are fair and a representative of the position of the company at a given time. These reports should be produced on half-yearly and annual basis. The main objective of these reports is to assure the stakeholders of the company the business is a going concern, based on various supporting assumptions, (Christopher, 2004). Additionally, disclosing of material involving the company should be made at in a timely manner to guarantee that investors will access clear and factual information. Company auditing is yet another function of corporate governance. The roles as well as responsibilities of auditing com mittee should be outlined in a written form, which may include monitoring the truthfulness of the financial statements of the corporation, appraising internal financial controls of the company, keeping an eye on and reviewing the efficiency of the internal audit function of the company, and reviewing and monitoring the independence of the external auditor as well as the impartiality and efficiency of the auditing process, ( Peter Krisztina, 2011). Corporate responsibility and compliance is also part of corporate governance in a company. In the corporate governance code of London Stock Market, there are defined standards that should be followed or adhered to concerning ethics in the course of their business. These are aimed at enhancing companies to carry out their business in a responsible and ethical manner, respecting not only the employees and the customers, but also the environment, (Berghe, 2005). Through effective corporate governance, companies are required to implement programs that could promote compliance, to ensure that the companies operate within an ethical and legal framework. Companies educate their employees concerning the code of ethics that have been set, to avoid ethical and legal violations. Hence, corporate governance in companies that have listed on main London Stock Market have a pivotal role to play in ensuring that corporate responsibility and compliance within the company meet the ethical and legal st andards that have been set. In conclusion, it is undeniable that corporate governance is very vital in any company. Basically, it is concerned with the various processes, laws, policies, customs, as well as institutions which influence the way a company is controlled. For the case of companies that have been listed on the main London Stock Market, corporate governance ensures that companies are governed according to the rules and regulations that have been set. The role of corporate governance in these companies broadly covers the following major areas: auditing, ownership structure and exercise of control rights, financial transparency and information disclosure, corporate responsibility and compliance, and lastly, board and management structure and process, (Christopher, 2004). Generally, through corporate governance, companies are managed within the legal and ethical framework, as well as reducing conflicts that are associated with principal-agent relationships. Personal learning outcomes from this assignment and their impact on my future career I would have to admit that by undertaking this assignment, I have come across a number of things that will have considerable impact on my career in the future. To begin with, I have realized that in any organization, boards are very influential on the way the organization is managed. Being the final decision makers in the hierarchy of organizational management, they determine the direction that an organization is likely to follow. As noted above, another important person in an organization is the financial director. To some extent, contributions of the financial director form the basis of board level decisions. Based on the relationship of the board and the financial director, I have learnt these two parties must work hand in hand in the organization. This implies that, organizations can only succeed when all the stakeholders in the managerial positions are involved in decision making. This has had a positive impact on my future career, as I am aware of the importance of shared decis ion making. Board level decisions vary in various ways. However, the most interesting thing is the way these decisions are reached. From this assignment, I have become aware of the procedures that are supposed to be followed while making decisions not only at an organizational level, but any decision making in general. It is evident that decision making is never a one step process, but it entails a lot of consultation to make what is perceived to be the right decision from the available alternatives. Based on this, my decision-making techniques as well as problem-solving techniques have improved considerably. It is no possible for me to approach decision-making at the personal level, with minimal challenges. Moreover, this lesson will definitely have an impact on the way I will be making decisions in my leadership career. In conclusion, corporate governance is another area that I have dealt with in this assignment. There are various benefits that an organization can achieve by having good corporate governance. Generally, corporate governance can be described in terms of the relationship between shareholders, company management, stakeholders, as well as the board. Lately, this concept has gained popularity, as globalization led to increase of the complexity and volume of trade, leading to difficulties in controlling external factors. Some of the befits that are likely to be attained through good corporate governance include ensuring corporate success and growth of the company, maintaining the confidence of the investors enhancing chances of the company to increase capital effectively and efficiently, lower cost of capital, reduces corruption, wastages, mismanagement and risks, and finally, brand formation as well as development. Thus, my perception of corporate governance has been improved significantl y. In the context of my future career, corporate governance will play a major role on the way I will be making decisions affecting my organization. Reference List Christopher, P. 2004. Corporate governance and the role of non-executive directors in large UK Companies: an empirical study, Corporate Governance, Vol. 4 Iss: 2, p Financial Reporting Council (FRC). 2010. The UK Corporate Governance Code. London Iti, B. 2009. Corporate governance and law-role of independent directors: theory and practice in UK, Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 5 Iss: 1, pp.94 – 111 Bruce, C, Alexander, K. 2002. Evaluating corporate board cultures and decision making, Corporate Governance, Vol. 2 Iss: 2, pp.27 45 Berghe, T. B. (2005) The complex relation between director independence and board effectiveness, Corporate Governance, Vol. 5 Iss: 5, pp.58 83 Peter, H,. Krisztina, B. 2011 Corporate Governance Variables: lessons from a holistic approach to Central-Eastern European practice, Corporate Governance, Vol. 12 Iss: 1 Pol, H,. Jeffrey, K,. and Howard, A. 2010 The role of corporate governance in RD intensity of UK-based international firms, International Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol. 20 Iss: 2, pp.91 – 108 Soo, W. K. 2011 The quality impact of governance change on board decision making, UK Journal on Quality, Vol. 12 Iss: 1, pp.113 – 123