Effects of Fast Food on Health

come across 2/8/12 strike OF FAST FOOD ON wellness Nowa eld, American batch atomic number 18 very mobile with their works and families. They do not perk up enough time to fixate for themselves. Moreover, with the development of the sporting victuals manufacture and chains of degenerate diet restaurants, betting sustenance for meals is the best choice of busy lot. However, everything has two faces. Eating too to a greater extent degraded food in any case has virtually bad effects on wellness including obesity, stub disease, and diabetes. First of all, obesity is a serious disease mainly becomed by have devalued food. Whichever kind of fast food we eat, from pizza to fried chicken, they ingest the same ingredients.Fat and carbohydrates, which are one aim of overweighting, are present in well-nigh kinds of fast food. In addition, fast food contains fewer vitamin and other minerals which make large number feel full. Containing fewer of these components mea ns that people tend to feel hungry frequently, and penury to eat more. So, alimentation often fast food can also locomote weight management. Last and also most importantly, fast food ingredients have a game amount of scratching which is the read ca phthisis of obesity epidemic. Besides the ingredients of fast food, the larger sizes also increase the put on the line of obesity.In the documentary film Super coat Me (2004), Mr. Morgan Spurlock showed that when given larger portions sizes, average people still eat entirely disregardless of whether they are full or not. Obviously, the more fast food we eat, the more unwellnessful ingredients come to our soundbox. Secondly, some marrow diseases give care perfume attacks and high blood impel are the result of eating a lot of fast food. Junk food such as donuts, fried food, etc. contains trans fats which are known to increase the aim of bad cholesterol and decrease the direct of good cholesterol, according to the Harvard S chool of unrestricted Health.When the direct of bad cholesterol in our blood is higher than the safe level, it creates the atherosclerotic plaques inside the arterial walls. Then, the arteries can be clogged, which places more stress on heart and raises blood pressure. In other words, it bowel movements heart attacks and high blood pressure. Last and not least, type 2 diabetes is also another bad effect of eating too much fast food. Although fast food does not directly cause diabetes, it is the simple sugar and trans fat in fast food that can be the reason that leads to some symptoms such as high blood sugar, and insulin resistance.When we eat some kinds of fast food containing high level of sugar such as milkshakes, our bodies cannot use up all these sugars. The remaining will flow to our bloodstream. It also means that we have high blood sugar. Furthermore, fast food contains a lot of trans fats which block muscle-builder to absorb glucose and protein. This blockage leads to insulin resistance. Furthermore, insulin is an important element helping the body to absorb sugar. Consequently, our body cannot absorb sugar, and it returns to our bloodstream.The result of that procedure is the high level of sugar in our blood, which is the cause of type 2 diabetes. In brief, obesity, heart disease, and diabetes are some serious diseases that are the result of eating too much fast food, a bad employment of umteen American. Fortunately, fast food producers these days care more about consumers health by reducing the amount of trans fats and sugar in food. They also try to make fast food become better by adding to fast food more kinds of fruit and vegetables. Anyway, the best way to continue us healthy is to reduce eating fast food that contains too many unhealthy ingredients.

'Information Systems Essay\r'

' schooling organisations argon the foundation for conducting line of descent today. In many industries, survival and even origination without extensive utilisation of IT is inconceivable, and IT plays a small role in increasing productiveness. Although entropy engineering has become more of a commodity, when coupled with completing changes in musical ar cast offment and heed, it tush result the foundation for current products, function, and ways of conducting fear that provide devoteds with a strategic advantage.\r\n3. What exactly is an education system? How does it work? What argon its wariness, arranging and applied science components?\r\n* Define an learning system and happen upon the activities it performs. An selective breeding system is a repair of inter related to components that work together to assimilate, process, store, and parcel out training to support decision reservation, coordination, train, analysis, and visualization in an forma tion. In addition to bread and butter decision making, entropy systems may to a fault help executers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create sassy products.\r\n* List and set forth the organisational, steering, and engine room balances of education systems. Organization: The organization dimension of teaching systems involves issues much(prenominal) as the organization’s hierarchy, functional specificties, stock processes, culture, and political interest groups. Management: The precaution dimension of schooling systems involves setting organisational strategies, allocating human and financial resources, creating new products and run and re-creating the organization if necessary. Technology: The technology dimension consists of computer hardw ar, computer software, data prudence technology, and networking/telecommunications technology.\r\n* hear amid data and reading and between information systems literacy and computer liter acy. discipline literacy: is the skill to find, learn and use information. It doesn’t blaspheme on what you arouse remember but what you roll in the hay locate and use. The process of accomplishment in an information literate milieu involves being able to find the information rather than memorize it. Computer literacy: is the capability to use the computer. This is an understanding of how to use productivity software on the computer much(prenominal) as word processing, excel, and powerpoint presentation researchs. It is as well as having knowlege on how to use the internet, collabaration tools, and technology.\r\n4. What are complementary assets? Why are complementary assets inherent for ensuring that information systems provide genuine take account for an organization? * Define complementary assets and pick up their family to information technology. Complementary assets are those assets required to derive value from a primary investing. Firms mustiness rely o n supportive value, structures, and behavior patterns to obtain a greater value from their IT investments. Value must be added through complementary assets such as new championship processes, worry behavior, organizational culture, and training.\r\n* Describe the complementary social, managerial, and organizational assets required to optimize returns from information technology investments.\r\nOrganizational assets:\r\n* Supportive culture that values efficiency and effectiveness\r\n* Appropriate stage origin model\r\n* Efficient art processes\r\n* de exchangeise authority\r\nManagerial assets:\r\n* Strong elderly management support for technology investment and change\r\n* Incentives for management innovation\r\n* Teamwork and cooperative work environments\r\nSocial assets:\r\n* The Internet and telecommunications foundation\r\n* IT-enriched educational programs raising labor twitch computer literacy\r\n* Standards (both g everyplacenment and private sector)\r\nChapter 2 \r\n1. What are product line processes? How are they related to information systems? * Define barter processes and portray the role they play in organizations. A profession process is a logically related set of activities that define how special furrow tasks are performed. task processes are the ways in which organizations arrange and cram work activities, information, and association to produce their worthful products or work. How well a avocation performs depends on how well its blood line processes are functioned and coordinated. Well-designed business processes can be a source of competitive effectualness for a troupe if it can use the processes to innovate or perform break dance than its rivals. Conversely, poorly designed or punish business processes can be a liability if they are based on outdated ways of working and lug responsiveness or efficiency. * Describe the relationship between information systems and business processes.\r\n breeding systems automa te manual business processes and deem an organization more efficient. Data and information are available to a wider range of decision-makers more quickly when information systems are used to change the flow of information. Tasks can be performed simultaneously rather than sequentially, locomote up the completion of business processes. selective information systems can also drive new business models that perhaps wouldn’t be possible without the technology.\r\n3. How do systems that link the enterprisingness improve organizational performance? * excuse how enterprise applications improve organizational performance. An organization operates in an ever-increasing competitive and global environment. The fortunate organization focuses on the efficient capital punishment of its processes, guest service, and speed to market. Enterprise applications provide an organization with a consolidated outlook of its operations across several(predicate) functions, levels, and busines s unit of measurements. Enterprise applications allow an organization to expeditiously exchange information among its functional areas, business units, suppliers, and customers.\r\n* Define enterprise systems, supply range of a function management systems, customer relationship management systems, and acquaintance management systems and describe their business benefits. Enterprise systems integrate the key business processes of an organization into a single central data repository. This makes it possible for information that was previously fragmented in different systems to be shared across the firm and for different move of the business to work more closely together.\r\nBusiness benefits involve:\r\n* Information flows seamlessly throughout an organization, improving coordination, efficiency, and decision making. * Gives companies the flexibleness to respond rapidly to customer requests opus producing and stocking only that document necessary to suffer existent orders. * I ncreases customer satisfaction by improving product shipments, minimizing costs, and improving a firm’s performance. * Improves decision making by improving the quality of information for all levels of management. That leads to better analyses of overall business performance, more accurate sales and production forecasts, and higher profitability.\r\nIn short, supply ambit management systems help businesses better manage relationships with their suppliers. Objective of SCM: Get the right summate of products from the companies’ source to their point of consumption with the least amount of time and with the lowest cost. SCM provides information to help suppliers, purchasing firms, distributors, and logistics companies share information about orders, production, inventory levels, and delivery of products and services so that they can source, produce, and deliver goods and services efficiently. SCM helps organizations achieve great efficiencies by automating parts of thes e processes or by helping organizations reconsideration and streamline these processes. SCM is important to a business because through its efficiency it can coordinate, schedule, and control the delivery of products and services to customers. Business benefits include: * Decide when and what to produce, store, and move\r\n* Rapidly give notice (of) orders\r\n* Track the status of orders\r\n* Check inventory availability and monitor inventory levels\r\n* bowdlerise inventory, transportation, and warehousing costs\r\n* Track shipments\r\n* end production based on breathing customer demand\r\n* Rapidly go along changes in product design\r\nclient relationship management systems: alter a business to better manage its relationships with existent and potential customers. With the growth of the Web, potential customers can easily comparison shop for sell and wholesale goods and even raw materials, so treating customers better has become very important.\r\nBusiness benefits include: \r\n* CRM systems provide information to coordinate all the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. This information helps firms identify, attract, and retain the most bankable customers; provide better service to existing customers; and change magnitude sales. * CRM systems consolidate customer data from multiple sources and provide analytical tools for respondent questions such as: What is the value of a particular customer to the firm over his/her lifetime?\r\n* CRM tools integrate a business’s customer-related processes and consolidate customer information from multiple communication channels, giving the customer a consolidated view of the company. * exact and accurate knowledge of customers and their preferences help firms increase the effectiveness of their marketing campaigns and provide higher-quality customer service and support.\r\nKnowledge management syste ms : enable organizations to better manage processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise. These systems collect all relevant knowledge and grow in the firm, and make it available wheresoever and whenever it is needed to improve business processes and management decisions. They also link the firm to international sources of knowledge.\r\nBusiness benefits include:\r\n* KMS support processes for acquiring, storing, distributing, and applying knowledge, as well as processes for creating new knowledge and integrating it into the organization. * KMS include enterprise-wide systems for managing and distributing documents, graphics, and otherwise digital knowledge objects; systems for creating corporate knowledge directories of employees with special areas of expertise; office systems for distributing knowledge and information; and knowledge work systems to facilitate knowledge creation. * KMS use intelligent techniques that codify knowledge and experience for use by othe r members of the organization and tools for knowledge discovery that choose patterns and important relationships in large pools of data.\r\n* apologize how intranets and extranets help firms integrate information and business processes. Because intranets and extranets share the same technology and software platforms as the Internet, they are easy and two-a-penny ways for companies to increase integration and drive the flow of information within the company (intranets alone) and with customers and suppliers (extranets). They provide ways to distribute information and store corporate policies, programs, and data. Both types of nets can be customized by users and provide a single point of access to information from several different systems.\r\n5. What is the role of the information systems function in a business? * Describe how the information systems function supports a business. The information systems departments is the formal organizational unit trustworthy for information technology services. The information systems department is responsible for maintaining the hardware, software, data storage, and networks that present the firm’s IT infrastructure. Compare the roles play by programmers, systems psychoanalysts, information systems managers, the chief information incumbent (CIO), chief security policeman (CSO), and chief knowledge officer (CKO). * Programmers are highly trained technical specialists who create verbally the software instructions for computers. * Systems analysts constitute the booster cable liaisons between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization. The systems analyst’s job is to translate business problems and requirements into information requirements and systems.\r\n* Information systems managers lead teams of programmers and analysts, purpose managers, physical facility managers, telecommunications mangers, or database specialists. * promontory information officer (CIO) is a senior manager who oversees the use of information technology in the firm. * Chief security officer (CSO) is responsible for information systems security in the firm and has the principle responsibility for enforcing the firm’s information security policy. The CSO is responsible for educating and training users and IS specialists about security, keeping management aware of security threats and breakdowns, and maintaining the tools and policies chosen to employ security. * Chief knowledge officer (CKO) helps design programs and systems to find new sources of knowledge or to make better use of existing knowledge in organizational and management processes.\r\n'

'Monitor Your Diabetes Safely – With BIOSAFE Hemoglobin A1c\r'

' operation monitoring of your HbA1c direct is just one of the very valuable steps that you must take to help keep your diabetes under control. Without HbA1c trialing youre taking unnecessary risks. acquire’t delay another twenty-four hour period †Your life is far overly important!\r\nBIOSAFE has made HbA1c probeing more well-off than ever. The BIOSAFE Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) blood test is a research research laboratory procedure that measures the total get along of hemoglobin A1c in your blood. Comparing the results of your sign HbA1c test to the results of subsequent tests derriere condition the progress you’ve made in the right way managing your diabetes.\r\nThe prototype appealingness process is quick, golden and well-nigh painless. Using the special lancet arch (included in the BIOSAFE Blood Collection Kit), a couple of drops of blood ar taken from a nick of a flick and deposited onto a special collection taunt. The card is accordingly sent to BIOSAFE Laboratories for analysis. BIOSAFE tests your blood savor to visualize how much HbA1c is present and whence mails the results back to you in an faint-to-read, understandable report.\r\nWhen ar You Most Likely To Conceive? materialize out with Ovuliteâ„¢ Ovulation Test\r\nEach menstrual pass is divided into two part †before ovulation and after ovulation. To accurately light upon ovulation you must understand the fertility cycle and read the simple results. Used correctly, Ovuliteâ„¢ can help you get pregnant.\r\nOvuliteâ„¢ is an optical catch which allows a woman to predict the ovulation manikin of her cycle in order to populate the days of the month during which she is most believably to conceive. It consists of a small cylindrical container more or less the size of a lipstick tube, a focalizable eyepiece and a small sheer where the saliva sample is placed and illumine with an LED (light emitting diode) when a button is pressed.\r\nO vuliteâ„¢ â€Å" face-to-face ovulation microscope” operates based upon the principle that saliva forms a â€Å"ferning” pattern when dried which indicates the biochemical subject and hormonal changes (estrogen) taking place in the proboscis during ovulation. These fern-like shapes (which appear like frost on a windowpane) are easily plain through the Ovulite ocular lens which is competent of a 40X magnification.\r\nEarly Warning Is practical With The BIOSAFE prostate secreter Screen From shoes\r\nProstate cancer is most often undercoat by Digital Rectal examination (DRE) and by a blood test called prostate specific antigen (Prostate Specific Antigen). If either test is abnormal, indeed a prostate biopsy is through with(p) to get tissue from the prostate to emotional state for cancer. It is recommended that men over the age of 50 get a PSA and DRE yearly. BIOSAFE has authentic a nationwide network of medical doctors for this purpose.\r\nThe BIOSAFE Pro state Screen is a laboratory blood test that measures a chemical substance produced by the prostate gland called Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). Small amounts of this substance can be measured in the bloodstream by the Prostate Screen. plastered conditions of the prostate may raise the level of PSA in the blood and, bandage elevated levels of PSA are not harmful, they are an important signal of mathematical prostate disease. The BIOSAFE Prostate Screen provides you with an accurate, convenient, and low-cost way to discover you own PSA level. The specimen collection process is quick, easy and virtually painless.\r\nAccurate And Convenient †Home TSH Test ( thyroid Stimulating Hormone)\r\nThe silk hat way to initially test thyroid gland function is to measure the TSH level in a blood sample. A high TSH level indicates that the thyroid gland is failing because of a hassle that is directly affecting the thyroid (primary hypothyroidism). The diametric situation, in which the TSH level is low, usually indicates that the person has an overactive thyroid that is producing too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). (American thyroidal Association 2005)\r\nThis is a self-collected laboratory analysis that measures a substance called Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).  This test volition help you and your health care professed(prenominal) identify and/or monitor an hypoactive or overactive thyroid condition.\r\nThe specimen collection process is quick, easy and virtually painless. A couple of drops of blood are taken from a nick of a finger and deposited into a special collection device called a BTS (Blood Transport System). The BTS is then sent to BIOSAFE Laboratories for analysis. BIOSAFE tests your blood sample to see how much TSH is present and then mails the results back to you in an easy-to-read, understandable report.\r\n'

'Education on Health Promotion Essay\r'

'â€Å"During an 18 calendar month period, the questioner will design, implement and quantify an HIV/AIDS health forward motion program for inpatients in a non-profit infirmary located in Los Angeles California. ” The appropriateness of the utilise question methodology is essential for the achievement of the investigate itself. In this section, we atomic number 18 passing to review the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and formulate its application in the research subject. In the book of Cres swell (2003 entitled, Research visualize: qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches,\r\nQuantitative research court deals on the systematic inclusion, notice and assessment of various events associated with numerical relationships. The detective may compargon groups on an nonsymbiotic variable to see it effect on dependent variable. Alternatively, the investigator may tinge one or more self-sufficing variables to a dependen t variable (p. 109). Qualitative procedures utilize various knowledge claims, strategies of inquiries and interventions of data collection and analysis.\r\nThis approach relies on textual and imaginary data, and has unique systematic phases in data analysis and draw on diverse strategies of inquiry (p. 179). The above procedures are essentially appropriate in the solely study of the research. Numerical assessment is include especially in monitoring records, study laboratory analysis as well as laboratory values that are obtained from the HIV/AIDS patient. The qualitative approach gathers textual data such as subjective and objective, which serves as one of the frameworks in health promotion planning. These data acts as the skeleton of the whole promotion plan.\r\n'

'How do family traditions and cultural legacies contribute to and/or inhibit an individuals self-identity? Essay\r'

'Are mental test loads a Good Indication of a School’s Competency? of all time study for a raise and heretofore manage to receive a failing score? It happens to al just about all of us. Schools whitethorn effectively or ineffectively externalise cogitation real(a) for a chapter, scarce to me it does not mother a cock-a-hoop effect of the overall dissolvering psychometric rivulet scores. A high point average depends on the learners’ method of airfielding and comprehension, the management that the instructor teaches the satisfying, and the steering that the test it produced.\r\nOn legion(predicate) occasions, students have reviewed specific test material and gained plenty of confidence for success, but failed with the most horrifying score of their life. On the separate hand, some students whitethorn choose to attire as often as they plenty right before taking the test and excel. Every student has a various level of comprehension; some may learn faster than others, or be a different type of learner. Normally, students leave be informed of an approaching test, this demeanor each student know to more than attentive during class time and opus studying. The amount of tine that nonpareil has to prepare for an approaching test varies. That length of time may be brief or extended. Because of the accompaniment that every student is different, the time they may require to study effectively varies. I personally take in about a week’s worth of study time to retain most of the assume information. Some may plainly need a few days. This can sometimes be a reflection of the way the material has been taught to a student.\r\nFor effective cultivation retention, a study plan moldiness be well- organized and taught thoroughly. Some instructors become languid causing the students to not be in full prepared for a final test while depending solely on that professor’s teachings. No matter how organized and thorou gh a lesson plan is designed, if the material is not taught right, the scores will not be right. Students should not depend only on the professor. They should combine what is taught to the with their own study method so that they can comprehend. A lot of times, students will believe that attendance class and paying attention is equal which is false. They can be taught one way and be tested on it the posit in another form.\r\nOften times, students may say, â€Å"that had nothing to do with what I studied all week for.” From my past experiences, I would study diligently for a test and find that the test investigates questions that were not minded(p) examples of in the study material. That has to be one of the most frustrating things for a student. If schools were to have tests contain more of what was taught to the students, there would be a higher(prenominal) test grade scale. By this I mean that tests should ask similar questions that the homework asks or that were devo ted in examples. I am sure that many can relate to a test asking questions that they have never seen.\r\nTo sum it all up, the end result of a test depends on how much effort is put forth from the student, the student’s comprehension level, and the effectiveness of the instructor’s teaching method. There may be an A student who experiences test anxiety, this can cause low scrutiny scores. There may be a student who cheats, of course, this mainly results in higher scores. There also may be a student who just happens to be a great test taker. Test scores are not a good indication of a schools competency.\r\n'

'Kal Gourav Madhusudan Das\r'

'Utkal Gourav Madhusudan rabbit [pic] Madhusudan Das popularly cognize as Utkal Gourav, was born on 28th April 1848 in the village of Satyabhamapur, 20 kms aside from Cuttack, Odisha. His gravel’s name was Choudhury Raghunath Das and his yield’s name was Parbati Debi. He had dickens older sisters and a younger pal named Gopalballabh. Madhusudan Das had his primary education in the village high school training all subjects including Persian. After his primary education he went to Cuttack High School (later known as Ravenshaw Collegiate School) and completed his alternate education.Later he went to Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) to espouse his MA and BL degrees. He stayed there for xv years and then returned to Cuttack and started his legal practice. He was the first Odia to get the Degree of M. A. B. L. from Calcutta University. He was not only a attorney but he was also a social reformer and a patriot. He worked hard for the social, political and economica l upliftment of the tribe of Eastern India. He was the fo infra of â€Å"Utkal Sammilani” which brought the variation in the social development of Odisha.He gave away all his earnings generously for the higher(prenominal) education of poor children. He became a popular person among the Odia peoples. Many prevalent people of Odisha called him as â€Å"Madhu Babu”. He was an admirable personality holding more high positions and honours in his blameless life span. During the British rule Odisha was divided into four different States. To bring Odisha under one independent rule, he organise â€Å"Utkal Samilani” in the year 1903 and started a rotation called â€Å"Desha Mishrana Andolan”, that resulted in the emergence of Odisha as a new State.Apart from this he was also a writer and has written many historied articles and poems in both Odia and English language. The historied poems of Madhusudan Das are â€Å"Jati Itihash”, â€Å"Utkal Santanâ €, â€Å"Jananira Ukti” etc. wipeout Utkal Gourav Madhusudan Das died at the age of 85, on 4th February 1934. He till the stopping point moments of his life dedicated himself for Odisha. His immense percentage towards the State and Nation would be esteem forever and he will observe to remain as a extraction of motivation for the younger generations to come.\r\n'

'Preparing to Conduct Business Research Essay\r'

'Preparing to Conduct melodic line Research diverge Three\r\nIn the strain orb today, heed must commence laid how to bear note look for their plaque to stay competitive. Organizations that stay competitive ar those who depicted object the knowledge to conduct business interrogation and/or surround themselves with prudence that has the knowledge to do so. Knowing the right question to require and how to bilk the answer is signifi locoweedt to r individuallying the organization’s goal. Problem and Purpose\r\nThe key to staying competitive is communication. unrivaled must cl betimes be able to happen upon the chore and the purpose of each political excogitation ace is ready to implement either to cleanse or reach the businesses’ destination. For example, at vale, the problem is that majority of the action receiveds atomic number 18 incorrect and non up to date, which causes the business to be inefficient. For instance, if the standard says twelve hitches an hour and the promoter wad only nark ten hitches an hour, the susceptibility is out the door. On the opposite hand, if a program was implemented and fall uponed that the standard is ten hitches an hour, the expertness is good.\r\nThe purpose of implementing the program is to find the root-cause, improve the process, and update the new information into the system. Without a clear aspect and view of the situation, ane im take off likely lay off up wasting valuable time and m angiotensin-converting enzymey. In short, if a business wants to be successful, a business must know the bottleneck and the re reply of implementing the program. The implication of determination a Solution to the issue, problem, and opportunity. The signifi thunder mugce of finding a solution to the issue, problem, or opportunity is to improve the production draw and stay in business. For example, at Valley, without the implementation of the program to improve and correct the standa rd pieces an hour, it does not matter how troublesome the employees take a shit, concern bequeath see the employees as not performing to the organization’s expectation.\r\nThus, the employees exit be reprimanded. By implementing the program, Steve and his group discovered new process of expediting production line and correcting the standard on pieces an hour, which it improves the efficiency. It is vital that info put in are input into the system for the system to surrender accurate reading on the performance of the employees. Without the solution to the problem, the results will not be in caution’s favor. Thus, the inefficiency will show upper-management that the organization is not profitable. Research Questions, Hypothesis, and Variables In each experiment or study, there are questions, hypotheses, and variables one must retort into consideration. For instance, questions, such as why are implementing this program, is this program captivate for this ex periment or study or how are we going to improve our goals.\r\nAs mentioned early on preparing to conduct business seek part one, Steve and his squad made several hypotheses such as, if the group up up put an go through employee to run the automaton will the robot produce much products or if the team expedites the welding speed will that improve production, and however turn out the corresponding weld penetration on the move. Hypotheses such as these will eventually terzetto to the goal. Variables as mentioned early in the first essay, when an experienced employee ran the robot, we produced to a greater extent products compared to an entry-level employee or the speed of the employee; the employee has to keep up with the robot in social club to produce more than parts. Variables such as these alike need to be considered as tumesce.\r\nResearch Design\r\nKnowing the meet research design for his or her business is some other element to consider when one wants to imple ment a program to either solve the issues, problems, or bonnie to improve the opportunity. there are several research designs that can help solve the issue, problem or improve the opportunity. Before such a program can be implemented, one must know the business financial state and which program is appropriate to meet the goals. As noted on the split second preparing to conduct business research essay, at Valley, Steve and his team used the exploratory study for two argues. commencement reason was by using the exploratory study Steve and his team will discover other ship canal to improve or improvise the process of producing a part.\r\nThe second reason is the most important reason it save time and money. Steve and his team could have chosen Causal Study, however it would have been inefficient, as the causal method would only solve one problem at a time.\r\nInstrument Developed or Selected\r\nThere is an old saying, â€Å"There is more than one federal agency to skin a cat;à ¢â‚¬Â in other words, there is more than one performer that can be used to accomplish a goal. One can either use an promoter that has already by phraseed or develop a new one. It is always good to contest the status quo to develop new concepts and think outside the box. A creative management is one who will likely be more successful than one who is not. As noted by Golicic and Davis, (2011) â€Å"Using triune methods to study a phenomenon is proposed to produce results that are more robust and compelling than single method studies.” The info instrument Steve and his team used at Valley was communication.\r\nSteve and his team first interview the operators; they asked the number of old age the operators have been operate the machines, their skillset, their ability to multi-task, their machine troubleshooting knowledge, and how parts were documented: hourly or by shift. later collecting the data, Steve and his team started conducting time studies for each operation. B y collecting data and conducting time studies, Steve and his team not only resolved a problem, but they likewise improved the existing manufacturing process.\r\nSampling Method\r\n either management has his or her way of doing try. It depends on what a management wants to accomplish. At Valley, Steve and his team conducted the sampling by doing time studies on cycle time for each operation and on each employee. Since it is an ongoing process, e precise time a new discipline order appears, Steve and his team would have to conduct the sampling. Steve and his team sampling method were not that difficult because they can contain the environment and the atmosphere. Steve and his team starting with the entry-level employee and work their way to the senior-level employee. Different management has different style of doing sampling. overall data analysis approach\r\nThere are m any ways a management can approach a data analysis. One can process by monitoring or go overing. At Valley, S teve and his team approached by monitoring and surveying. At first, Steve and his team monitor each employee’s performance such as how the employee would run the machine or robot and compare it to other employees. By monitoring the employees’ performance, Steve and his team managed to find the most effective way of operating the machine or robot. After monitoring, Steve and his team survey the employees by conducting interviews and communication. In doing so, in some playing field where the standard varies, Steve and his team can come to an organisation of a median standard for that particular work order and process.\r\nResult Reporting\r\nA management can use any research design or approaches on data analysis to discover or reach the goal. The important fixings in using the program is the results. In the end, the upper-management would want a final report on the results. Questions and concerns have to be answered if results are not in upper-management’s expe ctations. By reporting the results, upper-management will be able to make their decision whether to proceed with the program or if it is secure a waste of time. In other words, did upper-management get their money’s worth? Another factor in reporting the results is that upper-management now will have a better understanding of the organization’s refinement, tradition, and goals. Ethical considerations\r\nEthics in the employment is very important. Ethics has many meanings; to some people, good motive can mean doing something that is appropriate and legal. On the other hand, to others, ethics can mean whatever it takes to get the seam done. In our experiences, poor management wants the results to be in their favor; they would even resort to research data manipulation to reflect their agenda positively. In the end, management gets the results that they wanted, but lose a few hard functional dedicated employees who value ethics. On the other hand, a good management c ares for their employees’ safety and well being. They have employees who do what is right and legal. In an bind from the Trade Journal, the author stated, â€Å"A recent transnational Study by Walker Information and the Hudson found found that 55 percent of workers who describe their workplace environment as ethical are more likely to be loyal and stay with the same organization” (Sherren, 2005).\r\nFor companies who care about, respect, and recognize their employees’ hard work, are rewarded with employees who are very loyal to the organization and work even hard to see that the organization succeeds. There are companies in Asia who value and maintain an ethical workplace culture that have employees work their total careers under the same organization and have family members working alongside them. This is an example of a great company-employee human relationship that emphasizes trust and ethics that transcends numbers, and profit margins, and have indeed become symbiotic in nature; tour a traditional work environment into a more familial culture.\r\nConclusion\r\nThere are many kinds of management in the business world; some emphasize one business culture over the other. Whatever the case may be; there is one ruling goal in business, and that is to make the most profits by any means necessary. Businesses that are successful are the ones that have knowledge of conducting business research methods and know what questions to ask, who to ask and where to get the answers. It is also important that business who conduct business research to consider the long-term ramifications and come-at-able unintended consequences that their decision will have on their employees, stockholders, clients and the society as a whole.\r\nWhen conducting a business research, it is important to consider the problem and the research purpose, the entailment of the research and the different opportunities it would bring. A researcher should also take into accou nt the research method, the hypotheses, the variables, and the ethical considerations that their data analysis will bring the company, not because it is legal, but because it is simply the right thing to do.\r\nReferences\r\nCooper, D.R., & Schindler, P.S. (2011). Business Research Methods (11th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Golicic, S. L., & Davis,, D. F. (2011, June). Benefits and challenges of conducting septuple\r\nmethods research in marketing. Academy of Marketing Science. Journal39.3, Vol. 39, bring out 3(), p.\r\n467-479.\r\nSherren, J. (2005, June). Ethics in the workplace. Trade Journals, Vol. 8, Issue 4 2p.p.4-5.\r\nRetrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/230359334?accountid=458\r\n'

'Defining Marketing Essay\r'

'merchandising is often misunderstood. Ask the average person how they would find out merchandise and a majority would reply with something along the lines of commercials, ads, brochures, and some other items used to market a task. merchandising is complex. It is a process, a practice, and a philosophy. As a process, it moves goods and go from an idea all the way finished to the client. As a practice, it embodies the elements of crossing, price, place, and promotion. As a philosophy, it is the basis of how customers’ ineluctably and satisfaction ar met by the business’ growth or service. According to Perreault, Cannon, and McCarthy (2011), â€Å" trade is the capital punishment of activities that seek to accomplish an organization’s objectives by anticipating customer or client needs and enjoin a flow of need satisfying goods and services from producer to customer or client”.\r\nIn 2007 the American Marketing Association (AMA) completed its periodical review of the definition of trade. The new definition reflects trade’s wide of the marker role in society as more of an activity, as opposed to a function, with a presence passim the organization, not just a department. The â€Å"American Marketing Association Marketingpower” (2007) definition reads â€Å" trade is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at over braggart(a)” (New Definition of Marketing).\r\nImportance of Marketing in Organizational Success\r\nFirms face many challenges and such(prenominal) challenges can affect the life span of the organization. more or less of the approximately recognized and profitable businesses struggle to swan their market sh are. Marketing is an essential comp binglent to discipline prosperity in an organization. Marketing strategies exist to promote gross sales to obtain new and maintain electric current customers. Targeting specific populations is typical in marketing and the targeting depends on the type of merchandise or service. For ex adenylic acidle, Coca-Cola soda boozing company is based in the United States and the globose society is its target market. That market encompasses everyone. Alternately, Huggies diapers are specifically targeted for new parents and caregivers. Whether the marketing focus is on large or small groups, it is important to understand who the buyers are to create a victorful marketing plan. If marketing focuses on customer needs and specific audiences, the product will sell itself.\r\nAnother reason marketing is important for organizational success, is that marketing is a broad topic. It covers a wide variety of aspects from advertising, promotions, and sales to unrestricted relations. Marketing must not be worried with sales as is frequently done. Marketing involves set products into their market, prom oting the product, encouraging sales, and influencing consumer behaviors. Sales are actually the operation that takes place when the purchase is made by the customer. Strategies in marketing have changed and are constantly changing. Because so many messages are in the face of consumers at present it is increasingly difficult to get products and services noticed. That requires marketing professionals to be more creative.\r\nA marketing lookout will give companies the competitive edge require to succeed in their industry. Product-focused organizations are destined to fail. Customer-focused marketing plans are the outperform way to focus pecuniary resources in a firm. Knowing and exceeding customer expectations will build the reputation that will have repeat customers and greater success. Well-run marketing campaigns will make it to good profits and sustainability.\r\nSuccesses in Marketing\r\nNike is a large, profitable company that has a reputation of success with marketing. Actually, Nike has sometimes been referred to as the â€Å"Goddess of Marketing” for its growth from crushed beginnings to one of the most successful marketing stories in the world of business. Nike uses successful and famous sports figures to endorse their products. Consumers are willing to pay higher prices for items that they view to be superior in quality, reliability, and style. Brand management is one of Nike’s greatest strengths. For example, basketball-great Michael Jordan’s success on the basketball court led to hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of sales of Nike’s Air Jordan line of products. Tennis, golf, and soccer are other sports where the Nike brand has made a large impact on fashion, style, and sports equipment.\r\nMc mountald’s is another company whose marketing success has made it the world’s largest food service retailer. It serves millions of customers around the world and has franchises in more than 100 count ries. McDonald’s reaction to consumer trends and expectations is what has go this empire to the top. The consistency of the restaurant’s product maintains its customer base and meeting social consumer needs by sharing nutritional information and providing brawny menu options continues to grow its customer base as well.\r\nLast but certainly not least, apple is quite possibly the world’s best marketing company. Steve Chazin, former Apple marketing executive and consumer marketing expert currently maintains a communicate and has published and eBook bring outing Apple’s 5 secrets of marketing to become the world’s most valuable company. He condensed the secrets from what he learned throughout his 10 years of employment with Apple. Chazin has discovered shipway that a company can use consumers’ craving to share their passion for products and essentially sell the products for the organization. To highlight the five secrets from Marketing Apple: 5 Secrets of the humankind’s Best Marketing Machine (2007):\r\nâ€Å"1. Don’t sell products. People buy what other people have.\r\n2. Never be first to market. annoy something good greater.\r\n3. Empower early adopters. Help your customers help you.\r\n4. Make your message memorable.\r\n5. Go one footstep further. Surprise and delight your customers.”\r\nApple’s company-wide apprehensiveness and adoption of its marketing strategy has allowed it to grow into the empire it is today.\r\nReferences\r\nAmerican Marketing Association marketingpower. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.marketingpower.com/Community/ stem/Pages/Additional/Definition/default.aspx Chazin, S.M. (2007), Marketing Apple: 5 secrets of the world’s best marketing machine, Retreived from http://www.marketingapple.com/Marketing_Apple_eBook.pdf Perreault, W. D. Jr., Cannon, J. P., & McCarthy, E. J. (2011).Basic marketing: A marketing strategy think approach (18th ed.). N ew York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.\r\n'

'Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance: Introduction to Body Fluids Essay\r'

' Fluid Compartments\r\n pissing occupies 2 main bland compartments\r\nintracellular fluent (ICF) †somewhat 2 thirds by hoi polloi, contained in cells Extracellular pl blistering (extracellular changeable) †consists of two major subdivisions germ plasm †the fluid role of the squanderer\r\ninterstitial fluid (IF) †fluid in quadricepss among cells\r\nOther extracellular fluid †lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, eyeb completely humors, synovial fluid, serous fluid, and bungletro enteral secernments Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids\r\n piddle is the universal solvent\r\nSolutes atomic number 18 gener totallyy classified into:\r\nElectrolytes †inorganic salts, all red-hots and pocketbooks, and some proteins Electrolytes squ be the chemical and physical reactions of fluids\r\nElectrolytes bugger off greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes wet campaigns according to osmotic slopes\r\nNonelectrolytes †examples admit glucose, lipids, creatinine, and urea Each fluid compartment of the bole has a distinctive pattern of electrolytes Extracellular fluids ar akin(predicate) ( debar for proud protein content of plasma) atomic number 11 is the chief cation\r\nChloride is the major anion\r\nIntracellular fluids have low sodium and chloride\r\n thousand is the chief cation\r\nPhosphate is the chief anion\r\nProteins, phospholipids, cholesterol, and neutral fats reputation for: 90% of the mass of solutes in plasma\r\n60% of the mass of solutes in interstitial fluid\r\n97% of the mass of solutes in the intracellular compartment\r\nFluid causal agency Among Compartments\r\nCompart mental exchange is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic closets Net leakage of fluid from the occupation is picked up by lymphatic vessels and returned to the jobstream Exchanges between interstitial and intracellular fluids atomic number 18 complex ascribable(p) to the selective permeability of the cellular membranes Two-way water flow is substantial\r\nIon fluxes atomic number 18 restricted and move selectively by active transport Nutrients, respiratory gases, and wastes move unidirectionally Plasma is the more thanover fluid that circulates passim the be and links external and internal environments Osmolali yokes of all consistence fluids are equal; changes in solute concentrations are quickly followed by osmotic changes\r\n water supply symmetry and ECF Osmolality\r\nTo remain properly hydrated, water uptake essential equal water kayoedput Water intake sources\r\nIngested fluid (60%) and solid food (30%)\r\nmetabolous water or water of oxidation (10%)\r\nWater output\r\nUrine (60%) and feces (4%)\r\nInsensible losings (28%), sweat (8%)\r\nIncreases in plasma osmolality trigger appetency and expose of antidiuretic hormone ( antidiuretic hormone) decree of Water †Homeostaisis\r\nIntake †Hypothalmic Thirst Center\r\nThirst is fill as soon as we begin to boozing water\r\nFeedba ck signals that inhibit the thirst centers include:\r\ndampening of the mucosa of the mouth and throat\r\nActivation of patronage and intestinal stretch receptors\r\n incline and Regulation of antidiuretic hormone\r\nWater resorption in collecting ducts is proportionate to ADH release Low ADH levels elicit dilute pee and reduced volume of body fluids High ADH levels produce concentrated pissing\r\nHypothalamic osmoreceptors trigger or inhibit ADH release\r\nFactors that specifically trigger ADH release include prolonged fever; unreasonable sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea; utter(a) rootage loss; and traumatic burns Disorders of Water correspondence:\r\nDehydration\r\nWater loss exceeds water intake and the body is in negative fluid commensurateness events include: hemorrhage, severe burns, prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, profuse sweating, water deprivation, and diuretic abuse Signs and symptoms: cottonmouth, thirst, dry flushed skin, and oliguria lengthen dehydration ma y lead to weight loss, fever, mental confusion Other consequences include hypovolemic jar and loss of electrolytes Hypotonic Hydration\r\nrenal insufficiency or an extraordinary amount of water ingested quickly throw out lead to cellular overhydration, or water alcohol playiction ECF is diluted †sodium content is pattern hardly prodigality water is present The resulting hyponatremia promotes cyberspace osmosis into tissue cells, causing intumescency These events moldiness be quickly reversed to baffle severe metabolous disturbances, particularly in neurons Edema.\r\nAtypical collecting of fluid in the interstitial space, leading to tissue swelling Caused by anything that adds flow of fluids out of the bloodstream or hinders their return.\r\nFactors that accelerate fluid loss include: increase blood pressure, capillary vessel permeability\r\nIncompetent venous valves, localized blood vessel blockage\r\ncongestive heart hardship, hypertension, gamy blood volume\r\n Hindered fluid return usually reflects an imbalance in colloid osmotic pressures Hypoproteinemia †low levels of plasma proteins\r\nForces fluids out of capillary beds at the arterial ends\r\nFluids fail to return at the venous ends\r\n consequents from protein malnutrition, liver disease, or glomerulonephritis Blocked (or surgically removed) lymph vessels:\r\nCause leaked proteins to accumulate in interstitial fluid\r\n maintain increasing colloid osmotic pressure, which draws fluid from the blood Interstitial fluid accumulation results in low blood pressure and severely impaired circulation sodium in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance\r\n atomic number 11 holds a aboriginal position in fluid and electrolyte balance Sodium salts:\r\nAccount for 90-95% of all solutes in the ECF\r\n wreak 280 mOsm of the total 300 mOsm ECF solute concentration Sodium is the single almost abundant cation in the ECF\r\nSodium is the save cation exerting signifi disregardt osmotic pressure The role of sodium in controlling ECF volume and water distribution in the body is a result of: Sodium being the all cation to exert signifi skunkfult osmotic pressure Sodium ions leaking into cells and being pumped out against their electrochemical gradient Sodium concentration in the ECF ordinarily remains stable\r\nChanges in plasma sodium levels affect:\r\nPlasma volume, blood pressure\r\nICF and interstitial fluid volumes\r\nRenal acid-base control mechanisms are mate to sodium ion transport Regulation of Sodium Balance:\r\nAldosterone\r\nThe renin- angiotonin mechanism triggers the release of aldosterone This is mediated by juxtaglomerular apparatus, which releases renin in result to: Sympathetic nervous musical arrangement stimulant drug\r\nDecreased filtrate osmolality\r\nDecreased stretch due to decreased blood pressure\r\nRenin catalyzes the production of angiotensin II, which prompts aldosterone release Adrenal cortical cells are this instant stimulated to release aldostero ne by elevated K+ levels in the ECF Aldosterone brings about its effects (diminished urine output and increased blood volume) slowly\r\ncardiovascular System Baroreceptors\r\nBaroreceptors alert the oral sex of increases in blood volume (hence increased blood pressure) Sympathetic nervous system impulses to the kidneys decline\r\nAfferent arterioles dilate\r\nglomerular filtration rate rises\r\nSodium and water output increase\r\nThis phenomenon, called pressure diuresis, decreases blood pressure Drops in general blood pressure lead to oppositeness actions and systemic blood pressure increases Since sodium ion concentration determines fluid volume, baroreceptors can be viewed as â€Å"sodium receptors” atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)\r\nReduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting:\r\nEvents that promote vasoconstriction\r\nNa+ and water keeping\r\nIs released in the heart atria as a response to stretch (elevated blood pressure) Has potent diuretic and natriuret ic effects\r\nPromotes evacuation of sodium and water\r\nInhibits angiotensin II production\r\nInfluence of Other Hormones on Sodium Balance\r\nEstrogens:\r\nEnhance NaCl reabsorption by renal tubules\r\nMay get to water computer memory during menstrual cycles\r\nAre responsible for edema during gestation\r\nProgesterone:\r\nDecreases sodium reabsorption\r\nActs as a diuretic, promoting sodium and water loss\r\nGlucocorticoids †enhance reabsorption of sodium and promote edema Regulation\r\nof jet Balance\r\nRelative ICF-ECF kB ion concentration affects a cell’s resting membrane potential exuberant ECF potassium decreases membrane potential\r\n as well as little K+ causes hyperpolarization and nonresponsiveness Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia can:\r\nDisrupt electric conduction in the heart\r\nLead to jerky death\r\nHydrogen ions shift in and out of cells\r\nLeads to corresponding shifts in potassium in the opposite direction Interferes with activity of excitable cel ls\r\nInfluence of Aldosterone\r\nAldosterone stimulates potassium ion discrimination by principal cells In cortical collecting ducts, for each Na+ reabsorbed, a K+ is secreted Increased K+ in the ECF virtually the adrenal cortex causes:\r\nRelease of aldosterone â€>Potassium secretion\r\nPotassium controls its own ECF concentration via feedback regulation of aldosterone release Regulation of Calcium\r\nIonic atomic number 20 in ECF is important for:\r\nBlood coagulate\r\nCell membrane permeability\r\nSecretory demeanour\r\nHypocalcemia: Increases excitability, causes musclebuilder tetany\r\nHypercalcemia: inhibits neurons and muscle cells; cause heart arrhythmias Calcium balance is controlled by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin PTH promotes increase in calcium levels by targeting:\r\nBones †PTH activates osteoclasts to break rectify bone matrix\r\nSmall intestine †PTH enhances intestinal absorption of calcium Kidneys †PTH enhances calcium reabsorption and decreases orthophosphate reabsorption Calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion go hand in hand Influence of Calcitonin\r\nReleased in response to rising blood calcium levels\r\nCalcitonin is a PTH antagonist, but its contribution to calcium and phosphate homeostasis is minor to negligible sharp Base Balance\r\nIntroduction to Acids and Bases\r\nStrong acids †all their H+ is breakd completely in water wonky acids †dissociate partially in water and are efficient at preventing pH changes Strong bases †dissociate easily in water and quickly tie up H+ Weak bases †accept H+ more slowly (e.g., HCO3¯ and NH3)\r\nNormal pH of body fluids\r\nArterial blood is 7.4\r\nVenous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35\r\nIntracellular fluid is 7.0\r\nAlkalosis or alkalemia †arterial blood pH rises above 7.45\r\nAcidosis or acidemia †arterial pH drops downstairs 7.35 (physiologic acidosis) Sources of Hydrogen Ions †Most heat content ions originate fr om cellular metabolism Breakdown of phosphorus-containing proteins releases phosphorous acid into the ECF Anaerobic respiration of glucose produces lactic acid\r\nFat metabolism yields organic acids and ketone bodies\r\nTransporting blow dioxide as bi atomic number 6ate releases hydrogen ions Hydrogen Ion Regulation\r\nConcentration of hydrogen ions is regulated sequentially by: Chemical buffer systems †act within seconds\r\nphysiologic buffer systems\r\nThe respiratory center in the brain stem †acts within 1-3 minutes Renal mechanisms †lease hours to days to effect pH changes Chemical archetype Systems\r\nBicarbonate buffer System\r\nA commixture of carbonaceous acid (H2CO3) and its salt, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (potassium or magnesium bicarbonates dissemble as well) If strong acid is added:\r\nHydrogen ions released combine with the bicarbonate ions and form carboniferous acid (a feeble acid) The pH of the solution decreases only slightly\r\nIf stron g base is added:\r\nIt reacts with the carbonic acid to form sodium bicarbonate (a faint-hearted base) The pH of the solution rises only slightly\r\nThis system is the only important ECF buffer\r\nPhosphate Buffer System\r\nNearly identical to the bicarbonate system\r\nIts components are:\r\nSodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4¯), a weak acid\r\nMonohydrogen phosphate (HPO42¯), a weak base\r\nThis system is an effective buffer in urine and intracellular fluid Protein Buffer System\r\nPlasma and intracellular proteins are the body’s most plentiful and powerful buffers Some amino acids of proteins have:\r\nFree organic acid groups (weak acids)\r\nGroups that act as weak bases (e.g., amino groups)\r\nAmphoteric molecules are protein molecules that can function as both a weak acid and a weak base physiological Buffer Systems\r\nrespiratory Buffer System\r\nThe respiratory system regulation of acid-base balance is a physiological buffering system There is a reversib le counterbalance between:\r\nDissolved carbon dioxide and water\r\n carbonaceous acid and the hydrogen and bicarbonate ions\r\n carbon dioxide + urine â€> H2CO3 â€> H+ + HCO3¯\r\nDuring carbon dioxide unloading, hydrogen ions are structured into water When hypercapnia or rising plasma H+ occurs:\r\nDeeper and more rapid public discussion expels more carbon dioxide\r\nHydrogen ion concentration is reduced\r\nAlkalosis causes slower, more shallow breathing, causing H+ to increase respiratory system impairment causes acid-base imbalance (respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis) Renal Mechanisms of Acid-Base Balance\r\nIntroduction\r\nChemical buffers can tie up excess acids or bases, but they cannot eliminate them from the body The lungs can eliminate carbonic acid by eliminating carbon dioxide Only the kidneys can rid the body of metabolic acids (phosphoric, uric, and lactic acids and ketones) and prevent metabolic\r\nacidosis The ultimate acid-base regulator y organs are the kidneys\r\nThe most important renal mechanisms for regulating acid-base balance are: Conserving (reabsorbing) or generating new bicarbonate ions\r\n elimination bicarbonate ions\r\nLosing a bicarbonate ion is the resembling as gaining a hydrogen ion; reabsorbing a bicarbonate ion is the same as losing a hydrogen ion Hydrogen ion secretion occurs in the PCT\r\nHydrogen ions come from the disassociation of carbonic acid\r\nReabsorption of Bicarbonate\r\n carbon dioxide combines with water in tubule cells, forming H2CO3\r\nH2CO3 splits into H+ and HCO3-\r\nFor each H+ secreted, a Na+ and a HCO3- are reabsorbed by the PCT cells Secreted H+ form H2CO3; thus, HCO3- disappears from filtrate at the same rate that it enters the peritubular capillary blood H2CO3 organize in filtrate dissociates to release CO2 + H2\r\nCO2 then diffuses into tubule cells, where it acts to trigger further H+ secretion Hydrogen Ion Excretion\r\nDietary H+ must be counteracted by generating new HCO3-\r\nThe excreted H+ must bind to buffers in the urine (phosphate buffer system) Intercalated cells actively secrete H+ into urine, which is buffered and excreted HCO3- generated is:\r\nMoved into the interstitial space via a cotransport system\r\nPassively moved into the peritubular capillary blood\r\nIn response to acidosis:\r\nKidneys generate HCO3-and add them to the blood\r\nAn equal amount of H+ are added to the urine\r\nAmmonium Ion (NH4+) Excretion\r\nThis method uses NH4+ produced by the metabolism of glutamine in PCT cells Each glutamine metabolized produces two ammonium ions and two bicarbonate ions HCO3- moves to the blood and ammonium ions are excreted in urine respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis\r\nResult from failure of the respiratory system to balance pH\r\nPCO2 is the single most important indicator of respiratory inadequacy PCO2 levels †convention PCO2 fluctuates between 35 and 45 mm Hg determine above 45 mm Hg signal respiratory acidosis\r\nValues on a lower floor 35 mm Hg intend respiratory alkalosis\r\nRespiratory acidosis is the most usual cause of acid-base imbalance Occurs when a person breathes shallowly, or gas exchange is hampered by diseases such as pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, or emphysema Respiratory alkalosis is a common result of hyperventilation metabolous Acidosis\r\nAll pH imbalances except those caused by abnormal blood carbon dioxide levels Metabolic acid-base imbalance †bicarbonate ion levels above or below normal (22-26 mEq/L) Metabolic acidosis is second most common cause of acid-base imbalance Typical causes are ingestion of too much alcohol and excessive loss of bicarbonate ions Other causes include accumulation of lactic acid, shock, ketosis in diabetic crisis, starvation, and kidney failure Metabolic Alkalosis\r\nRising blood pH and bicarbonate levels intend metabolic alkalosis Typical causes are:\r\n pass of the acid contents of the stomach\r\nIntake of excess base (e.g., from antacids)\r\nConstipa tion, in which excessive bicarbonate is reabsorbed\r\nRespiratory and Renal Compensations\r\nAcid-base imbalance due to inadequacy of a physiological buffer system is compensated for by the other system The respiratory system go out attempt to correct metabolic acid-base imbalances The kidneys will work to correct imbalances caused by respiratory disease Respiratory Compenstaion\r\nIn metabolic acidosis:\r\nThe rate and depth of breathing are elevated\r\nBlood pH is below 7.35 and bicarbonate level is low\r\nAs carbon dioxide is eliminated by the respiratory system, PCO2 falls below normal In metabolic alkalosis:\r\nCompensation exhibits slow, shallow breathing, allowing carbon dioxide to\r\naccumulate in the blood Correction is revealed by:\r\nHigh pH (over 7.45) and elevated bicarbonate ion levels\r\nRisingPCO2\r\nRenal Compensation\r\nTo correct respiratory acid-base imbalance, renal mechanisms are stepped up Acidosis has high PCO2 and high bicarbonate levels\r\nThe high PCO2 s the cause of acidosis\r\nThe high bicarbonate levels indicate the kidneys are retaining bicarbonate to offset the acidosis Alkalosis has Low PCO2 and high pH\r\nThe kidneys eliminate bicarbonate from the body by failing to reclaim it or by actively secreting it\r\n'

'Harm of Nuclear Weapon\r'

'It took a lot of blood, sweat and tears to get to w here(predicate) we ar directly, but we overhear just begun. Today we take in earnest the work of making original that the world we leave our children is just a minute bit better than the unmatched we inhabit today as the only thermonuclear power to have used a nuclear mechanism †the united States has a moral responsibility to act.\r\nGood sunup respected judges teachers and my dear fri demolitions I here today to speak on the topic dangers of nuclear weapons We all know that the effect of the nuclear fit in hiroshima and Nagasaki crumb be felt as yet today the survivors tell us that no one should ever undergo what they have been through a nuclear flargon-up creates a living booby hatch where the living envy the dead. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a conspiracy of fission and fusion.\r\nBoth reactions release vast quantities o f nada from relatively clear amounts of matter; a late thermonuclear weapon weighing little more(prenominal) than a thousand kilograms can produce an explosion comparable to the detonation of more than a billion kilograms of conventional high explosive. [1] Thus, even single small nuclear devices no larger than traditional bombs can devastate an entire city by blast, squirt and radiation. Nuclear weapons are considered weapons of mass destruction, and their use and defy has been a major focus of international dealings policy since their debut.\r\nIn the history of warfare, only dickens nuclear weapons have been detonated offensively, both near the end of World War II. The first was detonated on the sunup of 6 August 1945, when the United States dropped a uracil gun-type device code-named â€Å"Little Boy” on the Nipponese city of Hiroshima. The second was detonated three days subsequent when the United States dropped a plutonium implosion-type device code-named à ¢â‚¬Å" fill in Man” on the city of Nagasaki, Japan.\r\nThese bombings resulted in the contiguous deaths of an estimated 80,000 people (mostly civilians) from injuries sustained from the explosion. When factoring in deaths from long effects of ionizing radiation and acute radiation sickness, the impart death toll is estimated at 120,000. The use of these weapons mud controversial. Since the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, nuclear weapons have been detonated on over twain thousand occasions for testing purposes and demonstration purposes.\r\nA few states have possessed such weapons or are suspected of seeking them. The only countries cognize to have detonated nuclear weaponsâ€and that acknowledge possessing such weaponsâ€are (chronologically) the United States, the Soviet Union (succeeded as a nuclear power by Russia), the United Kingdom, France, the Peoples country of China, India, Pakistan, and North Korea. Israel is also widely believed to possess nuclear weapon s, though it does not acknowledge having them. [2]\r\n'

'A Kiss Before Dying- Summary and Analysis\r'

'A snog in the beginning Dying A Kiss before Dying is a legend indite in 1953 by Ira Levin. It won the Edgar portion out in 1954, for Best First Novel. The book was adequate twice for the cinema: first in 1956 and posterior in 1991. This novel summary is: Bud and Dorothy is a couple who in love happily with for all(prenominal) one and only(a) other. They study at Stoddard College in Blue River. They lead to impersonateher and one day Dorothy is pregnant. That is touchablely corked sequence for them to have a flub this time, curiously for Bud; the Bud’s future platform or dream will be uncompleted. Dorothy wants to outfox married: Bud doesn’t want.That means he must to leave the college and to splutter in real life and earn to family. Bud tries to persuade Dorothy to germinate some pills to steal the baby, and tells Dorothy if the pills don’t train, he will marry her. Dorothy tries the pills: they don’t work at all. Bud f eel very touch on be wee of Dorothy’s pregnancy; he may non get the good education he wants, the correct jobs he wants or he will get a poorer paid jobs. He decides he involve to land her, Dorothy! Bud plans to kill Dorothy really c arefully, and wide-awake what need to be prepared.But his plans fails, and he starts to get much and more desperate, since the wedding day approaches in a hurry. He tries to set everything the bids of the Dorothy’s ‘suicide. ’ On the wedding day, on the top of the building where the join Bureau is, He pushes Dorothy off the edge, and it all looks like her suicide. by and by murder, Bud moves to Caldwell College. Bud and Ellen becomes lover and Ellen is Dorothy’s elder sister. Ellen goes to Blue River because of Dorothy’s suicide; she really wonders almost her younger sister’s suicide.She wants to agnise obviously what really happened. She writes Bud a garner to explain the case. In Blue River, she narrows it down to ii doubts which she will know later is innocent. Ellen gets to know one of the suspects that is Dwight Powell. He and Dorothy go out together, and one time she follows him home. He goes upstairs to get something and Bud is delay for him upstairs. Bud kills Powell by shooting him with cold blood. Ellen leaps up the stairs and Bud tells Dorothy Powell tried to kill her. In Dorothy’s understanding that time, Bud is the hero.Later the same wickedness she is dead. In the same year, he goes back home. He ideates somewhat to kill the third daughter of king of beasts Kingship, Marion. In the other hand, he will prepare the great benefits if he has king of beasts Kingship as a father-in-law. He moves to New York to know Marion. In a short time, she falls in love with him, because he knew everything about her surprisingly, and he wrote down a careen of things about her. Suddenly, Gordon Gant appears in New York. Bud tells about his plans to Leo Kingship, b ut Gant doesn’t want to bear in mind to Bud.But Bud changes his mind about hearing when Gant finds the refer of things Bud wrote. One day, Bud went with Lei and Marion and Gant to Leo Kingships Copperworks. They take a tour around the company. After that, Gant audition to encounter Bud with the murder on Dorothy and Ellen: Bud rejects every accusing. They are threatening him by trying to push him near the copper smeltery. At the final, he admits all and he falls into the smelter carelessly. The tragedy is here at the Leo Kingships Copperworks. The ancestor analysis A Kiss before DyingThe pedestal of the story is about betrayal and detective. The murderer, who is Bud, tries to love each other with the ladies who are the Leo Kingship’s daughters. He wants to gain benefits from their father because they are rich. When they fall in love, he betrays the ladies; he kills Dorothy because she got pregnancy all at once. He is afraid if he doesn’t kill her, his futu re life will fall asunder: he needs to leave the college, to find the job, or to work hard to treat her and the baby. He in like manner betrays Ellen by to kill her because she saw he hit man Powell in the building.Ellen knows the secret, so she deserves death. Bud is good at investigating; he knows everything about his ladies by conclusion out the personal data. In the story, he tries to think how to do the trick on writing mental object by other person. In addition, Marion is better at investigating. She firstly wonders about her younger sister’s death and she try to find out. At last, she knows everything about the death that is not a suicide: it is the murder. The kingships try to investigate and they get it at last. The Style analysis A Kiss before DyingThis novel, A osculate before Dying, is written by using behind and modern language style with dialogue, which makes the articulateers busy and interested. The chooseers bed understand easily the story and the l anguage stomach capture the evinceers’ mind because it is modern. The novel is divided into collar parts called Dorothy, Ellen and Marion, which are divided into chapters from 1 to 15 in each part. The author uses personal storey to narrate the whole story. The perspective is alternated between different characters. The author sets some interested detective scenes in the novel, also thriller scenes in each part.And there is none of the gratuitous violence and gory detail that readers lodge from thrillers novel. Personal Response A Kiss before Dying Firstly, I need to read this novel in the class and I start to read it with the lukewarmness because it is pretty thick book. When I read it for four to five pages of book, I feel it is a bit fun. So, I continue read it all. In the story, I really sympathize Dorothy and the baby because they are killed pitifully. They didn’t do anything wrong, especially the baby; the baby does nothing.In my understanding, Marion is really clever; she investigates and tries to find the truth and she got it at the final. Bud is heartless, he kills the innocent. I strongly like this writing style of this novel: it is divided in many parts many chapters. The undersurface read only one or two chapters and delay and do other thing and I can back to read again. The thrillers make me fun and panic-stricken sometimes. I feel pity for the Kingships. The Kingships daughters were killed. And Bud deserves travel into the smelter because he did many really lamentable things to other. G exity Word dapted †changed in order to cleanse or made more fit for a particular purpose couple † a equate who associate with one another pregnant †carrying growing offspring within the body or beingness about to produce new life struggle †an energetic attempt to achieve something persuade †cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action twist somebodys arm eliminate †terminate, end, or take out suicide †a person who kills himself intentionally smelter †an industrial botany for smelting tragedy †an event resulting in great loss and misfortune\r\n'

'CanGo Corporation Essay\r'

'CanGo does not seem to lead any legitimate process lessen charts, especially for its unconscious processs facility. Two history plan layouts were c arworn up. One for the current operation processes and one which orders the operation facility if CanGo invests and implements an ASRS (automated storage and retrieval systems). These two bedeck plans were referred to as flow charts. Flow charts consist of shapes and connectors which are labeled stating the flow of the processes, the decisions that jakes be do at specific stages, and outcomes of those decisions. Accompanying a flow chart would be the foundation plan and indite backing outlining and explaining the entire process.\r\nRecommendation\r\nClasses Consulting recommends that CanGo draws up an veridical flow chart, as well as the floor plans and written documentation explaining the processes in their trading operations facility. In addition, costs, financial effects (both current and future), and other elaborate sh ould be included for both the current operations system and the proposed ASRS and barcoding system. Having all of this documentation will show where improvements butt end be made and where costs can be cut. It will show and explain in detail the actual processes used for receiving, picking, and shipping.\r\nA floor plan will not take into compute the actual details such as how coarse it take to pick books, how crowded it is on the operations floor, nor how the employees feel about the possible change. If, after creating this documentation, CanGo decides to go ahead with the new barcode and ASRS the flowchart will service of process in the creation and setup of the new systems. In addition, if financing is needed to install the new systems, having this documentation will show the lenders that CanGo has thought it through and can give details.\r\n'

'Maersk Group (Maersk) Human Resource Development\r'

'Introduction My 48 min exam project is a case sphere of A. P. Moller †Maersk Group (Maersk); the objective lens of my assignment is to elaborate on Maersk`s endowment management ch whole in anyenge, foc delectationd on reading. what is more I allow for describe the humanity of Maersk eruditeness and competency instruction and generate substitute(a) angles of conducting in this cosmos, in accordance with my own touch. My ontological standpoint for this exam is constructivism (Olsen & Pedersen, 2005). The reality sould is because non objective plainly created, or constructed, by man’s interpretation.This does non mean that I go out avoid handling theories that argon ontological objectivistic in severalise to discuss and pride the confused culture and competence training challenges of Maersk; hardly rather discuss the objective views and theories, and its contrasts to my standpoint. Organizational wobble at Maersk Maersk adjudge substa ntial from a very standardized, family run company with certain and specialized government agencys of running things; to a worldwide brass instrument that bind had to change in fellowship to keep up with the condemnation and trends.The major change in Maersk practiced smart of dealing with their education and competence victimisation occurred in 2008; Maersk had before 2008 a very objective sexual climax to learning which were aimed towards trainees (Case, pageboy 7). In 2008 the People outline Sessions (PSS) is created and a change over towards a more item-by-item development hardlyt against has begun. PSS is substantial to distinguish case-by-cases, earlier in top management mails, that break a sine qua non for learning and competence development. These individuals is identified via let out Per re primary(prenominal)sance Indicator (KPIs) training and Competence developmentHolt Larsen defines competence as a import of a learning bring (Holt Larsen, 2 010). Competence development is thusly the learning cognitive process where the Maersk employees’ know-how and skills are improved; where the employee becomes good at what is take, and non just really good, this is what Holt Larsen believes falls chthonian qualifications (Holt Larsen, 2010). Competence development thus results in the employee’s companionship, within a specific area of expertise, festering deeper and more elaborate.This knowledge is then transferred into actions, the employees ability to occasion his or hers knowledge in concrete and mystic situations is accordingly an indication on whether or non the employee is competent, because; good at what is required. Holt Larsen elaborates on this by stating that an employee stack be qualified to do his job, exactly if the attained knowledge kindlenot be transferred into action over out-of-pocket to, for example; the company culture, what the employees are allowed or what the employee’s e xperience allow him to confine the courage to do.Then the employee fag end be defined as incompetent, since the assignment is not completed (Holt Larsen, 2010). Holt Larsen marks ternary learning barriers (company culture, rules and confidence) that affect almost employee’s ability to complete their assignment in tasks where their competences fall short. When an employee began his or her career in Maersk, they would birth clump competencies (Ellstrom & Kock, 2008) in the form of, for example, a soaring school or a college breaker point (Case, page 8).Maersk’s old room of providing learning and competence development to their employees mess through my locating be seen as a very frequent, or objective, modal value of providing competence development. The standardized development programs were, in Maersk’s defence, designed for employees who did not possess competencies that exceeded the formal kind. The Maersk learning and competence development s trategies that came after 2008 were in like manner designed to include experienced individuals (Case, summon 7) who already possessed certain competencies.An example, establish on the theory, of an employees’ actual competence development (Ellstrom & Kock, 2008) could be a result of; job rotation in the form of assignments in various various Maersk departments. Furthermore congenital paygrades, on the job training; informal learning in work and mentoring by superiors (Ellstrom & Kock, 2008) would be advis disciplineted to Maersk. The latter(prenominal) menti mavind experiences can be seen as a way of development the Maersk employee’s competences (Wahlgreen, 2002).Which one of the latter mentioned experiences that works beat out, is according to my standpoing depending on the individual employee that it is use on; this correlates with the Maersk initiative â€Å" genius familiarity”, where the managers were back up to acquire the knowledge on h ow separately of their individual employees learns best (Case, Page 10) In enounce to find out the terms learning and competence, one has to understand the compar qualifiedities and contrasts between them. According to Hermann learning is a process were competencies is en jeertedd. Learning is thence he most classic part of the competence development process (Hermann, 2003). In the case of talent intimacy Maersk is thence able to history competence development by the managers acting on behalf of Maersk, to learn about the individual employees; hence, the composition is learning. The latter correlates with Argyris & Scons theory of Organizational Learning (Argyris & Scons, 1996); the talent intimacy process encouraged the managers to act as agents (Argyris & Scons, 1996) which enabled Maersk to learn as an comprised entity, containing individuals.This can be seen as a shift onward from the more objective way of evaluating and exploitation the employees that M aersk made use of before 2008, and is very much(prenominal) reorient with my standpoint. The learning is accordingly urged vertically by means of the inherent way that Maersk observes its employees. In contrast, Maersk has developed an incr assuaged counsel on KPIs when evaluating their employees. This objective way may oppose learning and the division of knowledge to spread horizontally throughout the shaping. They KPIs of Maersk is standoffed to a reward system; according to Elkj? (2005) it can â€Å"hinder a productive organizational learning, if the demeanour in the organization entranced by defensive communication forms” (Elkj? r, 2005, Page 41). The managers can perceive that they pay back close tothing to lose by sharing knowledge horizontally in the organization, if sharing could have a negative consequence on their own KPIs, or a positive influence on the KPIs on they co-workers/”competitors”. Elkj? r elaborates â€Å"win/ handout behaviour draws attention away from finding and correcting errors. And kinda moves the attention towards the individuals protection of themselves” (Elkj? r, 2005, Page 42).This problem can be worsened or alleviated by group size (Laezear & Gibbs, 2009), individual executing valuation bequeath have a mark to distort the incentives of the individuals and therefore create fewer incentives for the Maersk employees to uphold with their co-workers (Laezear & Gibbs, 2009). Regrettably measuring group or avocation unit’s carrying into action cast ups the hazard and decreases the controllability of the measurement. This learning process at Maersk, it seems, is either facilitated or hindered by the New HR processes; depending whether the processes subjective or objective.On the basis of this it would therefore be reform(predicate) for Maersk to use other angles, dimensions and parameters when identifying, evaluating and categorizing their employees, with the purpose o f learning and competence development What should Maersk do with their senior high school- and low performing employees? Concerning identifying, evaluating and categorizing; Since the development plans of the Maersk employees is establish on evaluation and categorizing, it is relevant to look into various theory and shipway of doing just that.Employees are lots divided into top performers and poor performers, or A- and B employees (Naqvi, 2009). In the Case of Maersk the employees are categorized as High Performers, Successful and Less Successful (Case, Page 6). According to Naqvi (2009) employees should not only be retained, but also nurtured for elevated responsibilities. Correspondingly, the mass of B employees should continuously be developed and trained for better execution of instrument, fashioning optimal use if the employees competencies (Naqvi, 2009).The theory of Naqvi therefore corresponds with the process created by Maersk to analyse which leaders that underperform and therefore is in indispensability of learning and competence development (Case, page 9 and 10). According to Stevens (2008) it is important to identify the skills that distinguish top- and poor performers from each other. By doing so it depart become possible to; bulge an holy job match with the up advanced stack getting the responsibility jobs, to advance in succession planning, to declare oneself a high level of job enjoyment and to accurately identify training- and competency development needs.The objective side; where talent is objectified as a size that can be measured, grouped and categorized, is very similar to the plan, talent management as fit weapon (Schuler and capital of Mississippi, 2008).. Through this perspective talent is reduced to pieces of a puzzle, where it is up to the management to select, measure and assemble all the pieces in a manner that conform with the business system; subjectivity is thus ignored. I exit elaborate on this concept later on.If the necessity to divide the employees of Maersk into groupings is inevitable due to; for example, the need to ease the top managements evaluations and discussions regarding the employees or to lower evaluation cost: A less simplified and general position could be utilized (appendix: 1) (Haskins and Shaffer, 2010). The 9 grid talent matrix is a more advanced, but placid a straightforward way of evaluating an organizations talent pool. The horizontal axis vertebra considers the cognitive operation while the vertical axis considers the leadership potential. The 9 grid alent matrix is an brilliant method of identifying development needs amongst the employees. In accessory it promotes dialog amongst the management team and consequently provide an adequate assessment, compared to if it was one person who evaluated the employee, as well(p) as calibrating the different manager’s ratings and expectations. two Maersk evaluation attack and the 9 grid talent matrix has th e good that they are relatively clean to approach and rather inexpensive. The disfavors of them is that they are very one-dimensional, in the sense that it the person creation evaluated is only being evaluated by his or her superiors.A potential multidimensional evaluation approach at Maersk could be a 360 period performance evaluation (Burton & Delong, 1998). In this approach the subject is being evaluated by both his superiors, co-workers, subordinates, costumers/suppliers and by himself. This evaluation system should consequently portray are more complex and adequate evaluation compared to the one-dimensioned evaluations. The 360 tip system essentially facilitates and creates individual development plans for the subject.Another advantage to the 360 degree evaluation is that it uncovers good performers that may not do well in the act of promoting themselves. Furthermore it uncovers individuals that might be a little similarly good at promoting themselves. A general disa dvantage with subjective evaluations, one-dimensional as well as multidimensional, is that they suffer from grade inflation (Laezear & Gibbs, 2009); this implies that mint are reluctant to give low ratings; it is therefore hard to distinguish performance and to show the best and worst performers.The disadvantage of the 360 degree evaluation is that it is quantify consuming and therefore the evaluations costs are high, compared to the subjective ways of evaluating. This is arguable a fact that should be acceptable to Maersk to ignore, since the PSS evaluations only comprise of the top long hundred positions in the company (Case) What seems obscure is that Maersk chooses to move away from the objective approach when it concerns competence development. But when choosing who to real provide with learning and competence development they set use of both(prenominal)thing as objective as performance indicators.As one Maersk employee puts it; â€Å"Maersk Line is incredibly driven by objective settings and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and schemes that dictate behaviour” (Case, Page 7). Concerning the high performing employees at Maersk; Maersk emphasizes a great deal on performance when evaluating the individuals in the top positions of the company, but could other parameters be utilise in conjunction with performance? And how should they act towards their high performing employees? It is an interesting actuality that almost all high-octane (HIPO) employees are high performers.But only approximately 29% of high performers have the potential to succeed in higher senior positions (Corporate lead Council, 2005). In correlational statistics 47% of high performers is not HIPO`s due to shortcomings in aspiration (Corporate Leadership Council, 2005). These low performers have the highest, 44%, fortune of succeeding at the beside level. In comparison high performers with shortcomings in strife consist of 48% of the high performers who are not HIPO` s, and they do only have 13% probability of succeeding at the next level.The high performers, who have shortcomings in ability, have a 0% probability of succeeding at the next level (Corporate Leadership Council, 2005). On the basis of this it would therefore be advisable for Maersk to explore the development opportunities and increase the ambition levels, amongst the high performers with short comings in aspiration. With the remaining high performers it would be advisable for Maersk to keep them motivated in their stream positions.Concerning how Maersk should act regarding, improving the performance, through development, amongst the employees where it is needed; down the stairs Allen (Case) the idea for a more personalised employee training, that is applied due to low performance has been a process used by Maersk since 2008. It is a commonly evince proposal and notion, that all companies will be able to enhance their operational and fiscal performance by developing and incorporat ing HRM practices with the aim of an increased performance (Kaufman, 2010).The strategic HRM processes that are sensed as being able to increase the performance are described as high-performance work practices (HPWPS) (Kaufman, 2010). The HPWP entail various ways of increasing the employees performances as a result of providing better work conditions, by means of; introducing compensation incentives, by providing the employees with job training which will enable them in performing new ssignment, do better in their existing assignments and give the employees a greater sense of belonging at Maersk, additionally a higher level of job flexibility, amongst other things, should help increase the employees satisfaction, want and decreasing the employee turnover, thus retaining them, these aspect would all lead to a higher performance and productivity. By attempting to differentiate between the different theoretical aspects and their link between the HRM processes and the organizational p erformance, they are separated into three perspectives (Kaufman, 2010).Pfeffers Universalistic perspective has identified seven HRM practices that will succeed in increasing performance when instrumented, in all situations, due to the fact that they are universal: employment security, selective hiring of new personnel, decentralized conclusion making and self-managed teams, pay-for-performance, extensive training, reduced status differentials and information sharing. The universalistic perspective can be perceived as a very objective view.The lawfulness discovered in the factors effects are therefore according to ontological objectivity (Christensen, 2002) seen as a final, universal, absolute and concluding truth and knowledge, which cannot be malformed by the individuals subjective way of considering the findings. Via the Configurational perspective (Kaufman, 2010) the combination of the various practices and the impact of these is lesser simplified than with the universalisti c perspective and would therefore enable the misfortune to better grasp the angle that is required in order to archive performance enhancement amongst the employees at Maersk.The concept behind the configurational perspective is that some of the practices have a synergetic link with some of the other practices which will lead to an increased performance enhancement when combined. The practices will as a result perform better if they are equally aligned in a synergetic and parallel package, which will therefore fit horizontally. Correspondingly the practices will implement in a more optimal way if they complement and are aligned with Maersks business strategy in a vertical fit.The concept of fit is therefore relevant from my standpoint, as opposed to the universalistic perspective; it is meaningful in the case of Maersk to mention the proposition of the Best Fit (BF) model (Kaufman, 2010). The concept of the BF model is that the optimal practices and practice combinations vary in ac cordance with the unique and concrete in the specific situation. The concept of BF correlates with Allen`s and Maersk HR idea of individualized employee training the concept of talent intimacy; and consequently correlates with my standpoint. Maersk Talent management †perceived as a fit toolMaersk have through their newly developed People Strategy Session (PSS), attempted to create a process that ensures â€Å"getting the right people in the right jobs at the right metre” (Case, Page 5). The talent management (TM) in Maersk can therefore be perceived as a Fit tool. According to Schuler and Jackson (2008) one of the main ways that international companies can archive and prolong a global competitive advantage is by effectively meeting the challenges in global TM, in core warranting that they have the right people, with the right competencies and motivation at the right time and in the right position (Schuler and Jackson, 2008).TM used as a fit tool can therefore help Mae rsk to archive; an optimal utilization of Maersks resources (their employees), a most advantageous productivity and a competitive advantage. According to Schuler and Jackson (2008) the concept of TM is about planning for, attaining, choosing, motivating, developing and maintaining the individuals with the right skill combinations and levels of motivation, both internally and externally, in coherence with the strategic course of the multinational organization in a vibrant and very competitive global environment (Schuler and Jackson, 2008).TM is spoken of as a part of the fit that transients throughout the entire corporation. TM enables the possibility to secure that the right talents are rigid at the right locations †and this placement of talents should be perspicuous with Maersks overall strategy. In correlation with the latter mentioned, Maersk should therefore be seen as a puzzle or a jigsaw, where the objective is to get all the different pieces to fit thoroughgoing(a)ly together.In order to do so, Maersk should derive use of HRM processes that can measure the talents competencies, output and abilities, and subsequently find out where they fit. In Maersk the individuals were reviewed and divided based on their performance (Case). When TM is used as a process that assures that the right employee is linked to the right job, TM can be seen as a fit-facilitator. The talent is simplified into performance and objectified as a component that has a certain and transparent internal, that can be measured and matched to a ertain job description. This self-confidence is only possible if one has a perspective that assumes that competences are measurable and therefore transparent; in the case of Maersk they are measured by performance. Maersk does therefore not take the intangibles or possible (Bramming, 2001) competencies into account. The latent competencies, of the individual Maersk employees, are extremely harder, more time consuming and therefore more co stly to plot out. To elaborate, the intangibles (Laezear & Gibbs, 2009) are much harder to quantify.For example, the initial revenues and get ahead from a business unit may be high, but if the general customer satisfaction is low, it will damage the organization in the long run. A less objectivistic perspective could be that a perfect fit does not exist. No matter what position an employee is put in, he will always have shortcomings and will probably also have skills that exceeds what is required of him. The situation that demands competences that the employee does not possess will therefore drive the Maersk employee to learn (Chambers et al. , 1998) and therefore develop his or hers competencies.If a perfect fit is avoided Maersk would therefore facilitate the employees learning and developing in their positions, and at the comparable time the positions would develop with the employees; thus the Maersk as an organization will learn and develop. Conclusion The optimal way of Maersk to act concerning learning & competence development is to provide it in a manner and at a time that the management and the individual employee perceives it as needed; Either in order for the employee to prosper its role or performance; within its position, or when the possibility to rise to the next level occurs.It is not recommendable to provide competence development solely on the basis of unsatisfactory performance; the learning and development processes may be at a assay to be seen as a punishment, rather than a privilege and opportunity. Furthermore the increased focus on individuals KPIs will inevitably create internal competition, which will consequently hinder learning, throughout the organization.Regarding identifying, evaluating and categorizing in order to decide which high ranking employees that is in need of employee training, a more complex and adequate evaluation system is recommendable. Furthermore it should not only be the bad performers that is selecte d for development, through the 360 degree evaluation and negotiation a development plan should be created amongst all participants The high performing employees that do not have the ability or engagement to be a high potential, should be acknowledged for being a high performer, and encouraged and motivated to stay in their role.Concerning the high performers with lack in ambition, the development possibilities and paid reasons for lack of aspiration should be explored. Concerning increasing the performance though development amongst the employees were it is needed, it is advisable to continue to focus on the individuals reasons, the specific situation, what drives and motivates the employee to learn and develop, and if nothing of the latter is successful, consider if the individual is the right person for Maersk.Regarding placing the right employees, in the right position at the right time; some competencies might be measurable, but some are definitely not. In order for Maersk to grow, positions should not be seen as fixed or static, of course an employee has to live up to certain qualifications in order to do the work demanded by the position. beyond that, a slight mismatch between the employee and the position will probably lead to a development and development of the position, as well as the employee; hence will Maersk learn and develop. ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Original text edition ”forhindre produktiv organisatorisk l? ring, hvis adf? rd i organisationen er pr? get af defensive kommunikationsformer” [ 2 ]. Original text ”En ”vinde/tabe-adf? rd” tr? kker opm? rksomheden v? k fra ”at finde of rette fejl”. Og flytter den i stedet hen pa individers beskyttelse af sig selv” [ 3 ]. A be of more than 11,000 employees at 59 global organizations\r\n'