Kingdom Fungi

Chapter 21 Notes domain kingdom fungus kingdom Name_________________________ 21-1 The Kingdom fungus kingdom A. What argon kingdom fungus kingdom? Fungi include some(prenominal) DIFFERENT types of organisms From tiny yeast cells To the maven of the largest organisms in the world Fungi atomic number 18 Multicellular (except for yeasts) Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Decomposers dismantle dead and decaying material -Recyclers -Secrete enzymes OUTSIDE bodies trace digested nutrients Hyphae long, slender, root-like filament Septa cross-w all(prenominal)s across hyphae (not in all hyphae) Mycelium mat of interwoven hyphae o declamatory surface area = max viands absorptionFruiting body reproductive mental synthesiss, like mushrooms o many another(prenominal) can develop from equivalent mycelium o fairy rings complete mycelium is haploid o (1 set of chromosomes) B. social organisation &038 Function of Fungi Fungi cells yield cell walls -Contain carbohydrate chitin as well tack together in exoskeletons Unlike plants -Fungi DONT vex chlorophyll -Fungi have chitin in cell walls (plants have cellulose) C. breeding in Fungi Most fungi re wee-wee BOTH asexually and sexually vegetative Reproduction Sporangia at the tip of sporangiophores produce haploid spores Fragmentation (breaking off) of hyphae can also produce new mycelia Sexual genteelnessFungi do work hyphae of opposite Sex o Called + &038 - The + &038 hyphae fuse and form gametangia o Makes gametes o rule a diploid zygote o Zygote undergoes meiosis haploid once again D. How Fungi Spread fungous spores travel VERY easily in the air All they need is a good landing place with wet &038 food Some fungi have special adaptations for spreading spores 21-2 Classification of Fungi A. 4 Phyla of Fungi subdivision Zygomycotina subdivision Ascomycota Basidiomycota subdivision Deuteromycota Named for their reproductive structures B. Phylum Zygomycota Common molds o On bread, cheese, and so on Black bread m old Rhizopus stoloniferReproduce asexually (spores) &038 sexually (zygospores) C. Phylum Ascomycota Sac Fungi o Conidia form spores asexually o The ascus contains diploid spores in sexual reproduction Examples yeast, cup fungi D. Phylum Basidiomycota company Fungi 16,000 species mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, morels Club-shaped reproductive structure Spores form in basidia o On the gills underneath mushroom cap Many wild mushrooms are poisonous E. Phylum Deuteromycota Imperfect Fungi Fungi with NO KNOWN sexual stage Reproduction only asexually Ex genus Penicillium also pathogens like ring flex, athletes foot 1-3 Ecology of Fungi A. Fungi as Heterotrophs Most fungi are decomposers or saprobes Others are parasites ( die on/in a living host) And others are symbionts live in symbiosis with other organisms genus Pleurotus ostreatus is actually a carnivore captures &038 eats roundworms all(a) fungi, though, are heterotrophs B. Fungi as Decomposers foreign digestion Fungi decompose matter by secreting enzymes o break it down into simple(a) organic molecules Fungus then absorb those molecules C. Fungi as Parasites Plants and animals (humans) are subject to fungous diseases Plants o Corn smut o Mildew o Wheat rustHumans &038 animals o Athletes foot o Yeast infections (Candida albicans) o Ring worm o Cordyceps (kills grasshoppers) D. Symbiosis Symbiosis is a mutualistic relationship in which BOTH partners put on Lichens = algae (or cyanobacteria) + fungus o On rocks, prohibitionist environments Mycorrhizae = plant roots + fungus o -80% of plants competency have these o Fungi care the plants get water &038 minerals o Plants tender fungi w/ energy E. Fungi &038 Food Many foods are make using fungi Yeast (Saccharomyces) is employ to make bread, beer, wine Cheeses (Brie, Blue, Roquefort) are make using mold (Penicillium)