Education: College and Recharge Academic Battery Essay

fetching a division off after finishing form vi before approaching encourage tertiary pedagogy has been a oftentimes debated issue over the past few years. While some propose it as an opportunity for the aim leavers to know more approximately the world, there is another party that says it ordain be time wasted if the school leavers end up without planning anything during the time. After all, the school leavers still conduct to put their consideration on this issue.Point 1Recharge schoolman battery After spending a quarter of life as a student, it is a chance for the school leavers to take a break-dance off. -Taking a year off before returning to school exit provide you the chance to approach the next phase of your education with a fresh start and renewed vigor while staving off academic burnout. -During that time, they locoweed also have some preparation on the further tertiary education by conducting an exhaustive college or university search. Point 2Decision time Ta ke a year off leave allow school leavers to decide on their major. -They female genital organ obtain an internship in the area that they are interested in studying, or in the travel field they would like to pursue. -This will servicing them brings practical, real-world experience into their tertiary education, and it can get them some career contacts to contact after you graduate.Point 3A chance to mature before entering tertiary education-Perfection is acquired through error and trial.-After the school leavers walked out from the school, they will undergo much hardship in the reality just to know themselves in the manikin of perfection. -At the same time, they can learn to be mature by form things out around them. -By taking this opportunity, the environment in the society can help in building up their self confidence.Point 4Earn some bullion-School leavers can earn extra money to help defray their upcoming college or university costs and expenditure in college or universit y. -Work experience can provide them with soft skills, such as interpersonal, communication and leadership skills which is typically lacking in our previous education. This is qualified to add a valuable notch to the resume which will help them when they enter the work force after earning their degree.Taking a year off from school can be a disaster without a proper plan. Therefore, the school leavers have to think long and hard about how they are going to spend their time. They have to ensure that their decision will bring a unique contribution to their future lives.

Childhood Years in Calamba Essay

Jose Rizal had many beautiful memories of minorhood in his native-born townspeople. He grew up in a happy house, ruled by good parents, bubbling with joy and sanctified by Gods blessing. Rizal is industrious, hospitable and friendly folks impressed him during childhood years. And the happiest period of Rizals life was spent in this lake shore of Laguna de Bay.Earliest childishness MemoriesThe first shop of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family tend when he was 3 years old. He was a frail, sickly and elfin child so he was given tendered care by his parents. At the days of 3, watched from his garden cottage, culiauan the maya, the marta capra, the pipit and other birds listened with wonders and joy to their twilight songs. day-after-day angelus bell prayerMoon linights at the Azotea after the nightly rosary. The Aya colligate to the Rizal children (including Jose) many stories slightly the fairies. When Jose did non like to take his supper the Aya would t hreaten him that the Aswang, the nuno, the tikbalang, or terrible barbate or turbaned Bombay would come to take him if he would not eat his supper. The noctural walk in the town.Calamba the Heros townCalamba was a hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican bon ton, which also owned all the lands nigh it. It is a picturesque town nestling on a artless plain covered with irrigated rice field and sugar lands. A hardly a(prenominal) kilometers to the south loom the legendary Mt. Makiling and beyong this mountain is the province of Batangas East of the town is the Laguna de BayIn the middle of the lake towers the storied island of talim and beyond it towards the coupling is the distant Antipolo, famous mountain shrine of the miraculous and Good Voyage. Rizal bonk Calamba with all his heart and soulEarliest Childhood MemoriesThe first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was 3 years old He was a frail, sickly and undersized child so h e was given tendered care by his parents At the age of 3, watched from his garden cottage, culiauan, the maya, the marta capra, the pipit and other birds listened with wonders and joy to their twilight songs Daily Angelus prayerMoonlights at the Azotea after the nightly rosary.The Aya related to the Rizal children (including Jose) many stories about the fairies. When did not like to take his Supper the Aya would threaten him that the Aswang, the nuno, the tikbalang, or terrible bearded or turbaned Bombay would come to take him away if he would not eat his supper The nocturnal walk in the town.The Heros source SorrowConcha (Conception) the younger sister of Jose was died of sickness in 1865 when she was only 3 years old. Jose who was very fond of her, cried bitterly at losing her. The death of little Concha was first sorrow of Jose.Devoted son of the ChurchThe scion of a Catholic clan, born and bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, and possessed of an connatural pious spir it, grew up a good Catholic.Pilgrimage of AntipoloOn June 6, 1868, Jose and his pose left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo, in order to fulfill his mothers vow which was made when Jose was born. It was the first detonate of Jose across Laguna de Bay and his first pilgrimage to Antipolo.The tommyrot of the MothStory about the disobedient moth which left a deep impression to Rizals brainpower to sacrifice ones life for it, meaning for an ideal, is worthy.Artistic TalentsSince early childhood Rizal revealed his God given talent to art. At the age of five (5), he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mould in clay and was objects which attached his fancy.When Jose was mere boy in Calamba, a sacred banner which was always used during the fiesta was spoiled. Upon the request of the town mayor, he painted the oil colors a new banner that fortunate the town folks because It was better than the original one.Jose had soul of a accredited artist. Rather an introvert ch ild, with skinny physique and drab dark eyes, he found great joy looking at the blooming flowers, the aging fruits, dancing waves of the lake, and the milky clouds in the sky, listening to the song of birds, the chirping of the cicadas and murmuring of the breezes.At the age of six (6), one of interesting anecdote about Rizal was the concomitant about his clay and wax image. He spent more cadence making images rather than to participate with his siblings games. He kept silent as they laughed and Jose Rizal told them All right laugh at me now Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of meFirst Poem by RizalAt the age of eight (8), Rizal wrote his first poem in the native phrase entitled Sa Aking mga Kababata (To my fellow children). This poem reveals Rizals earliest national fancy in poetic verse. He proudly proclaimed that the people sincerely loved their native language will surely strive for liberty. And that tagalog is the sufficient of Latin, English, S panish, and any other language.First Drama by RizalAfter committal to writing a poem he wrote his first dramatic work which was a tagalog comedy and it was purchased by a gobernadorcillo of Paete for two (2) pesos.Rizal as Boy starSince early manhood Rizal had been interested in magic. With his dexterous hands, he knowledgeable various tricks, such as making a coin pop in his fingers and making a handkerchief vanish in issue air.He entertained his town folks with magic-lantern exhibitions, this consisted of an ordinary lamp casting its arse on a white screen and be twisted his quick fingers into fantastic shapes, making their enlarged shadows on the screen resemble real animals and persons.Lakeshore ReveriesDuring the twilight hours of summer time, Rizal accompanied by his pet mark (usman), used to meditate the shore of Laguna de Bay on the sad conditions of his oppressed people. He grieved deeply over the unhappy situations of his beloved fatherland. The Spanish awakened h is boyish heat a great determination to course tyranny.Influence on the Heros Boyhood1. Heredity Influencea. From Rizals Malayan Ancestors he inherited his love for freedom, his inmate desire to drop dead and his indomitable courage. b. From Rizals Chinese Ancestors he derived his serious nature, frugality, patience, and love for children. c. From Rizals Spanish Ancestors he inherited a profound sense of self-respect, the love for work and the habit of independent thinking. d. From Rizals Mother he inherited his religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice, and the passion for arts and literature.2. Environment Influencea. The scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden of Rizal Family stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of Jose Rizal b. The religious atmosphere at his home for fortified this religious nature. c. His brother, Paciano, instilled in his mind the love for freedom and justice. d. From his sisters, he learned to be courteous and pleasant to women. e. Tio Jose Alberto to inspire him to develop his artistic ability. f. Tio Manuelcourage him to develop his frail tree trunk by means of physical exercise. g. Father Gregorio intensified his voracious interlingual rendition of good books. h. Father Leoncio Lopez fostered Rizals love for scholarship and intellectual honesty. i. The sorrows in his family contributed to strengthen his character. j. The Spanish abuses and cruelties which he witnessed in his boyhood awakened his spirit of patrionism and elysian him to consecrate his life and talents to redeem his oppressed people.3. Aid of Divinea. Rizal was providentially destined to be pride and glory of his nation b. God had gift him with versatile gift of a genius, the vibrant spirit of a nationalist and the valiant heart to sacrifices for a noble cause.

Novel “Unwind” Essay

In the novel, Unwind, three teenagers embark on a journey full of mischief, excitement and tragedy. The three main characters afford their avow agenda in the novel. Risa is orphan who is being unwound due to cut suffers in budget. Lev is an long dozen form old tithe whos main purpose in life was to be unwound once he turned thirteen. Lastly, Connor is fifteen year old trouble maker who is being unwound due to the fact that his p arents carry grown sick and tired of his negative behavior. They all show that in the end that life is some ages a fight for survival.In the reservoir Connor runs away from home because he doesnt want to be unwound. fleck Connor is running away from the police on the interstate, he pulls Lev let out of a car and takes him hostage in order to slow down police. As this happens, Risas bus crashes due to Connors antics and she escapes the grasp from the people stressful to unwind her. When the three finally get away, Lev is hell bent on getting revenge Co nnor for kidnapping him. When the three teens hide in a local high school, Lev sneaks away from the pack and tells the local authorities well-nigh the runaway unwinds. When the police enter the school and the fire alarm is pulled, Risa & Connor have to make a last second escape from the cops. With the help of a teacher, they find help in a local antiques shop owner named Sonia.Sonia helps Risa and Connor, by letting them stay in her reposition basement where they meet Roland, Mai, and Hayden (other runaway unwinds). Sonia tells them that their stay is only temporary and when their time is up they are shipped different safe houses. Connor & Risa hate Roland, for he is a power hungry bully with nothing to lose. After Christmas, all of the kids who are stationed in the safe houses, are put in airplane crates and shipped to The burial ground. In the graveyard they meet The Admiral who protects unwinds until they turn eighteen, then he lets them go. When things get out of hand, the tho usands of kids being stationed in The Graveyard, make an strive to kill The Admiral. All of the teenagers believe that he wants to sell them for their parts. When The Admiral more or less dies, Roland, Risa, and Connor fly him to a local hospital where Roland turns them all into the authorities.At the harvest-home Camp, Connor is recognized among the many teenagers as theThe Akron AWOL. This is the name given to him for his actions on the interstate in Akron, Ohio. While in the harvest home Camp, Connor sees Lev, and is surprisingly overjoyed. though Connor does not know that Lev is there for his own hidden agenda. When Connors solar day comes to be unwound, its a mournful day at the Harvest Camp. Once Connor enters the doors of the Unwind Medical Bay, bombs go off. Suicidal bombers known as clappers blow up the medical bay and Connor comes limping out without an eye and badly wounded. Risa, who was playing in the band on croak of the medical bay. To everyones surprise, Lev is one of the bombers, but he refused to make himself go off. Instead he runs into the medical bay and helps pull the others out including Risa.When Connor wakes up with only vision in one of his eyes, he figures out that someone has given him a new name. He also notices that the new replacement arm is Rolands. Risa is paralyzed from the waste down, but is able to be alive. Lev is in a Juvenile detention center for having traces of trinitroglycerin in his blood (relating him to the suicide bombers). In the end, Connor and Risa both go back to The Graveyard, where they help other numerous unwinds escape from their death. Due to Levs antics at the Harvest Camp, the government changes the unwind ages from 13 through 18, to 13 through 17.

Life and Margaret Atwood Essay

This honorable mention was taken from Margaret Atwoods falsehood, Homelanding. This yarn recounts many an(prenominal) aspects of tender existence from an outside view, as if it was being told to an alien race. This story tells about human appearance, sex (both difference and the act of), sunbathing, sleeping, death, and many new(prenominal) human functions in a scientific way. This story takes a ill-use away from the normal way of describing these objects. For example, Margaret Atwood talks about eating and describes it by saying I destroy and assimilate certain parts of my purlieu and change them into myself. Most people who birth had human contact their full-length invigoration consider eating putting food in their mouths, chewing, and sw in allowing. This quotation at the beginning of the story shows that the author gos that she is writing this for a human audience. She starts this off with the line, Where should I begin? This is more of a conversational ardour that d raws the trainer into this as if she was talking directly to the reader.The human reader is speculate to take the role of the alien race. The reader has to take a wave-particle duality of being both a human and from an alien race who has no knowledge of anything human. The next line restates this with, After all you have never been on that point or if you have you may not have dumb the significance of what you say or thought you saw. An alien race would never have been to earth, yet the human reader has spent his whole life on earth if never stopping to think of the significance of what he is supposeing. The next line is A window is a window, only when there is looking out and looking in. This can be seen in all the number of times that someone sees something in someone else that the person does not see in himself. For example, often a teacher is responsible for dowery a student develop a talent that was there but the student did not know that he had it.This story is attempti ng to do the same(p) and show the reader characteristics that mankind has but do not know it has. In the next line, this is reiterated with the statement, The native you glimpsed, disappearing behind the curtain, or into the bushes, or down the manhole in the mainstreetmy people are shymay have only been your own reflection in the glass. This shows the reader is the reflection in the glass and is seeing a portrait of himself in the story. Storytelling is often apply to teach a lesson to the reader or listener. One of the most read examples of this is the Bible. Jesus often spoke in parables to help teach lessons to his listeners. This story attempts to make us take a step away fromourselves and see ourselves in a different light so we could possibly guess ourselves better.

How does Miller initially present Rodolpho? Essay

moth miller initially drive homes Rodolpho by means of the economic consumption of description, dialogue, stage directions, structure and punctuation. miller uses these techniques to present Rodolpho as a transgressive, unsicilian feminine character. miller initially presents Rodolpho as a transgressive character through the use of dialogue. miller attempts to draw the earreachs attention towards Rodolphos appearance when the character Catherine states How come hes so dark and youre so light. miller line of merchandises Rodolphos appearance with a conventional Sicilian man, Marco, suggesting that Rodolpho is an outsider in Sicilian culture. Millers nonion is emphasised when Catherine, again, childishly states Hes practically blond, the repetitive physical description suggests Millers desire for to earshot to be drawn to Rodolphos Unsicilian characteristic, furt here(predicate)d rase more by Catherines dramatic reaction to Rodolphos appearance, mayhap indicating Rodolpho is the first blonde man she has seen, despite living in the overpopulated townsfolk of Red Hooke.Miller presents Rodolpho through the use of stage directions. Miller perhaps comp bes Rodolphos feminine characteristic to Catherines when He Rodolpho helps B mass out the coffee, compared to Catherine continues ladling out the plates. In a patriarchal society, this behaviour was frowned upon, such(prenominal) to Eddies dismay. Miller could be using this affinity as p procedurepsis to when Eddie shouts Hes not right later on in the play, with the bring up symbolising Rodolphos feminine character. Another stage direction associated with Rodolpho (Smiling) suggests Miller is content with presenting Rodolpho as a feminine character, as Miller appears to present emotion with connotations of feminine behaviour, much like Rodolpho is consistently presented. Miller here utilises the technique of dramatic irony, the audience understands that Rodolphos feminine behaviour is frowned upon by Eddie, whilst Rodolpho himself is unaware, because of this tension builds up and one can argue that Rodolphos role in this play is to build tension.Whilst Rodolphos appearance differs from a traditional Sicilian man, Miller presents the initial impression that Rodolphos behaviour is unbecoming through the use of structure and stage directions. Rodolphos utterance duration is consistently longer than Marcos, and even the patriarch Eddie. In contrast, Marco, an example of a true Sicilian man speaks short Mono-syllabic sentences. Not only does the logorrheic Rodolpho abide a long utterance length, Miller often punctuates Rodolphos sentences with exclamation marks .This subtle use of punctuation highlights Rodolphos emotion and fury, arguably a stereotypical Italian quality but when contrasted to the passionless suspicious, quite-voiced Marco, an example of transgressive behaviour. Miller confirms Rodolphos behaviour is indecorous in Sicilian culture when Eddies is coming to addres s Marco more and more, the patriarch of the offer does not approve of Rodolphos behaviour but in comparison accepts the directly contrasting character, Marco.To conclude, Rodolpho is initially presented as a transgressive character through the use of dialogue, description, structure, punctuation and finally stage directions. Miller possibly choses to contrast Rodolpho with Marco to highlight the differences between American and Sicilian culture, Rodolphos behaviours maybe comprehend as wrong in Sicilian culture but acceptable in an American society. On the other hand, Miller maybe evenly trying to educate the, mainly American, audience about Sicilian culture.I think that the use of description was especially effective at indicating to the audience that Rodolpho was the outsider and possibly the centre of any drama. I do not think that Millers use of punctuation and stage directions are effective for a modern day audience because in an Americanised society, Rodolphos behaviour is acceptable whereas when the play was shown to its original audience, Millers use of stage directions would have been more effective. Overall, though, I think Miller has presented Miller initially as a transgressive character, and has done so very effectively.

In a Perfect World.

In a ideal creative activity. Youre unhappy. Chances argon if youre reading this youre unhappy close to some topic. Thats just how the world is today. muckle seem to al instructions be dollar volume about something even if its sm both your life has some date in it, or so it seems. Everyone you meet has some Skelton in their closet. People today seem to forget to stop and smell the roses. Some snips its disobedient things like depression and psychological problems they cant control and is that really honest? In a perfect world every(prenominal)one would be mentally stable and equal.Get the function they need. Be grateful for this truly magical thing we call life. The splendid mystery of why and how we were created. What caused the blood to pulse through our veins the breath to endure in and out of our lungs and how we can control ourselves and think in a way more superior to all other species known? The thing is batch have took this advantage and used in a way non inten ded to be used. There is so much malevolent in the world today. The world has turned into something that induces fear in the grade of my heart and soul.Murder is now common, and rape is an everyday occurrence, raft die every second and that could be my family or friends, depression is at an all time high, divorce is more common than not, and kids are having their own kids The image of the perfect world is so blurry to me and I think the reason that is thithers nothing wrong with this world The problem lies within the people who inhabit it Our creator made this beautiful and man who sins modified it. analogous a beautiful painting then man came and wrecked it scribbling and deteriorating the inherent beauty.In a perfect world people would be nice to others everyone would be kind to the world. In our world today so many people are born with disabilities that disable them a fair chance, having these disabilities present former(prenominal) helps people better off to appreciate lif e, sometimes they are a message and sometimes they are present for an unknown reason. Although in the life-size picture is that fair to THEM? These people are human beings too We all only get one chance, you only live once. So is it fair their only chance at life is crippled by their disabilities by no fault of their own?In a perfect world the complications of this conflict would cease to exist. People today have strong beliefs about anything and everything, for example people of the Westboro Baptist church picket fallen soldiers graves If they are members of a Christian community though they should listen to the bible and accomplish that is not the way the bible states something in James 4 11-12 that I think is something to be taken to heart. Do not speak demonic against one another, brothers. The one who speaks against a brother or judges his brother, speaks venomous against the law and judges the law.But if you judge the law, you are not a role player of the law but a judge. There is only one lawmaker and judge, He who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you to judge your neighbor? In a perfect world everyone could be who they are and not be judged or bullied. You see what I believe and what Ive move to show you in this report is this world is perfect, the thing that makes the world feeble is how everyone behaves and the only way we can make it better is by bettering ourselves So dont judge, be nice, and just try and be your best.

Martin Luther King, Jr. and Aung San Suu Kyi Essay

Both Martin Luther queen, junior and Aung San Suu Kyi were peacefully resistant social activists who utilize their views and outlooks on how life should be to change the ground around them. date Aung San Suu Kyi lived in Burma and fought for a democracy in her country, Martin Luther King, Jr. fought for constitute rights in America. During the movements they were leading and participating in, both Suu Kyi and King wrote exceptionally touching writes that are still jiben as huge pieces of history today. Their writings affected people by showing them how extremely flawed their societies really were. During Martin Luther King, Jr.s time in jail, he wrote a letter that is titled, The garner from Birmingham City Jail, which explained that he was in Birmingham Jail because injustice was there, and he tells astir(predicate) how there should not be segregation. By contrast, in Aung San Suu Kyis writing, In Quest of Democracy, she wrote about her views on democracy and her efforts t o create one.They both wanted equality and more rights through non-violent means, and the way they wrote about those desires for justice was intake to their people because each told familiar stories that related to personal experiences that their people had. throughout all of Kings anti-segregation efforts, he was the head of many movements that force thousands. For instance, King was involved in the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Albany Movement, Birmingham Campaign, jar against on Washington, the Chicago Housing Movement, and a few others. composition King was in jail, he wrote a letter addressing the wrong things that were done to him and how he thought it was unjust. In his letter he wrote, Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere (204). By saying this, he showed that the think he was in Birmingham fighting for civil rights was because equal rights has to start somewhere, and one time it starts, it will cattle ranch. Martin Luther King, Jr. shows how the States are hypocritical because they claim, The goal of America is freedom, further yet they are being governed by Jim Crow Laws (215).King utilise the power of words and non-violent resistance to start a movement that changed the world. Aung San Suu Kyi was a woman that lived in Burma,and after she studied abroad for a while, she returned to see how isolated her country was. She then made efforts to speak out against her dictator, U Ne Win, and start a movement toward a democracy and gracious rights. When Suu Kyis efforts started reaching other people and a movement was started, she was position under house pose and all ties to the outside world were bang off. Aung San Suu Kyi wrote the piece, In Quest of Democracy to try to spread her efforts to make Burma a democracy. Suu Kyi explains how the government is at fault for a countrys despairs by saying, The root of a nations misfortunes has to be sought in the moral failings of the government (221). Suu Kyi likewise used her religion to help spread her movement of a democracy.For example, she use non-violence, which is the eighth of The Ten Duties of Kings. Finally, since Aung San Suu Kyi was put under house arrest, her movement ended with her isolation. Next, Aung San Suu Kyi and Martin Luther King Jr. were able to show up their beliefs non-violently in their countries. Throughout both of their lives they followed Gandhis non-violence movement. While King stated, unprovoking campaigns aimed at ending racial segregation across the South (202), Suu Kyi also peacefully used democracy to reverse the process of decline (222).While Christian was the main religion in America, Buddhism was the main religion in Burma. King and Suu Kyi used allusions to the scriptures of their religions to touch their people. Both King and Suu Kyi were extremely fervent about their movements and were determined to do anything they had to in order to reach their goals. Suu Kyi explains how, In Burma, distanced by several decades of isola tionism from political and intellectual developments in the outside world. (220) Finally, they both had similar morals in the fact that they wanted equal rights for all humanity even though Suu Kyi was on house arrest and King was suppressed from being a different ethnicity.All in all, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Aung San Suu Kyi were social activists who created movements from their own views that changed many peoples lives. Both supported and acted in a non-violent way. Therefore, Aung San Suu Kyi fought against the dictator of her country in order to form a democracy, and Martin Luther King, Jr. fought for anti-segregation, so that all Americans, no matter what ethnicity, would be treat equally. Each of them showed the people of their country how flawed their nation was bywriting pieces while imprisoned for committing no crime. For instance, in Amnesty International, it stated She had act no crime (Amnesty International) describing how Suu Kyi was imprisoned for doing nothing w rong. Finally, both Aung San Suu Kyi and Martin Luther King, Jr. were moody activists who aspired and conquered their goals and ambitions to the best of their ability.Works CitedAustin, Michael, and Karen Austin. Reading the World Ideas That Matter. New York W.W. Norton, 2007. Print.

African Americans in the U.S. Essay

African Americans (American Blacks or Black Americans), racial group in the United States whose dominant ancestry is from sub-Saharan West Africa. Many African Americans also claim European, Native American, or Asian ancestors. A florilegium of names return been employ for African Americans at various points in annals. African Americans have been referred to as Negroes, colored, blacks, and Afro-Americans, as well as lesser-k forthwithn terms, much(prenominal) as the 19th-century designation Anglo-African. The terms Negro and colored are now rarely used.African American, black, and to a lesser extent Afro-American, are used interchangeably today. Recent black immigrants from Africa and the islands of the Caribbean are more or lesstimes classified as African Americans. However, these groups, especially first- and second-generation immigrants, a lot have ethnic practices, histories, and languages that are decided from those of African Americans born in the United States. For example, Caribbean aboriginals whitethorn speak French, British face, or Spanish as their first language.Emigrants from Africa may speak a European language other than English or any of a number of African languages as their first language. Caribbean and African immigrants often have little knowledge or experience of the distinctive history of draw relations in the United States. Thus, Caribbean and African immigrants may or may not choose to identify with the African American community. According to 2000 U. S. census, some 34. 7 one thousand million African Americans live in the United States, reservation up 12. 3 share of the total population. 2000 census shows that 54.8 percent African Americans lived in the South. In that year, 17. 6 percent of African Americans lived in the Northeast and 18. 7 percent in the Midwest, while only 8. 9 percent lived in the Western states. Almost 88 percent of African Americans lived in metropolitan areas in 2000. With over 2 million African American residents, New York City had the largest black urban population in the United States in 2000. Washington, D. C. , had the highest proportion of black residents of any U. S. city in 2000, with African Americans making up almost 60 percent of the population.Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. solely rights reserved. Atlantic Slave Trade, Atlantic Slave Trade, the forced transportation of at least 10 million en buckle downd Africans from their homelands in Africa to destinations in Europe and the Americas during the fifteenth through 19th centuries. European and North American slave traders transported most of these slaves to areas in tropical and subtropical America, where the vast majority worked as laborers on large agricultural plantations.See Slavery. Between 1440 and 1880 Europeans and North Americans exchanged swap for slaves along 5600 km (3500 miles) of Africas western and west central Atlantic coasts. These slaves were then transported to ot her locations around the Atlantic Ocean. The vast majority went to Brazil, the Caribbean, and Spanish-speaking regions of South America and Central America. Smaller numbers were taken to Atlantic islands, continental Europe, and English-speaking areas of the North American mainland.Approximately 12 million slaves leftfield Africa via the Atlantic trade, and more than 10 million arrived. The Atlantic slave trade involved the largest intercontinental migration of people in world history prior to the 20th century. This transfer of so many people, over such a long time, had enormous consequences for every continent bordering the Atlantic. It profoundly changed the racial, social, economic, and cultural makeup in many of the American nations that imported slaves.It also left a legacy of racism that many of those nations are still oppose to overcome. Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Civil Rights Movement in the United States, political, legal, and social struggle by black Americans to gain full citizenship rights and to achieve racial equality. The accomplishedian rights movement was first and foremost a challenge to segregation, the system of laws and springer separating blacks and whites that whites used to control blacks after slavery was abolished in the 1860s.During the civil rights movement, individuals and civil rights organizations challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities, including protest marches, boycotts, and refusal to abide by segregation laws. Many believe that the movement began with the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, though there is confer about when it began and whether it has ended yet. The civil rights movement has also been called the Black license Movement, the Negro Revolution, and the Second Reconstruction. Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation.All rights reserved. AAVE Distinctive patterns of language use among African Americans arose as creative responses to the hardships imposed on the African American community. Slave-owners often intentionally mixed people who spoke many various African languages to discourage communication in any language other than English on their plantations. Moreover, many whites were unwilling to allow blacks to learn proper English. whiz response to these conditions was the development of pidgins, simplified mixtures of two or more languages that speakers of different languages could use to communicate with each other.Some of these pidgins eventually became fully real Creole languages spoken by certain groups as a native language. Significant numbers of people still speak some of these Creole languages, notably Gullah on the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia. African American lingo English (AAVE), also called black English or Ebonics, is a patois of English spoken by many African Americans that shares some features with Creole languages. Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Printed Books vs. E-Books Essay

We argon currently in an environment where to a greater extent raft are examineing online news makeups, checks and magazines than ever before No time-consuming do we need to sit on the train or jalopy getting inky fingers while trying to tentatively turn the foliate of the paper in the crowded carriage, nor are we lumbered by having to run for round our books or magazines all day long. Instead, with a quick flick of a switch on our e-reader, tablet or mobile device, we are straight able to access a vast array of literature, idle remonstrate and daily news, all in an easily readable, bright and vivid way.We do not need to fret about adequate lighting, or if our paper is causing our seated neighbor an annoyance on the morning journey, we no longer worry about forgetting to buy our favourite magazine or pick up the novel from the bedside table. Regardless of all this, the question arises Do we need print books or newspapers anymore? Asked about reading textual matter files on a handheld device, defenders of print proclaim their love for the printed word, the ol positionory perception of the paper, the experience of holding, owning and reading a physical book.They also say that a physical book is something one cigaret take pleasure in, effective seeing it on their shelf. They also mention that reading on electronic devices has bad impact on eyes, that it is tiring for eyes. Other advantage of printed books is their accessibility. The fact of the matter is that the majority of people in the world dont conduct Internet access. But people in favor of e-books have different opinion on this topic. First advantage of digital books is portability. The extraordinary thing about electronic text is that it takes up virtually no room, in both a physical and digital sense.If we have a storage card, we move walk well-nigh with at least a dozen books, and probably many more than that. Even if we dont have a storage card, you can still walk around with a fair c ollection of three to six books (again, depending on book size and available memory). In many situations its hard to carry scour one book around with you. The storage abilities of most e-books result readers to carry a reasonable collection of reading materials and/or prolongation texts. Second point in favor of e-books is variety of features.For starters, since most e-books are in some form of digital text file, we can chase the text for words or phrases. This is helpful when we want to find a quote or another specific section of the book. This can sign minutes, if not hours, off of wild goose chases for particular passages. Additionally, digital formats can be duplicated forever without decay or any real expense. This gemination ability can make it possible for us to share books with our friends without ever having to actually give up one of our possessions.Of course, assuming copy justification doesnt get in the way. Next advantage mentioned by e-books chase is that they are in fact easy to read. The electronic format offers readers even more benefits over traditional paper books. eBooks can be read in a variety of lighting situations, and due to the backlighted screens that most plow computers have, we can read an ebook in most low or no light situations, such as on the subway, during nighttime road trips, or in bed when we dont want to disturb your partner. Also, the legibility of an e-book wont degrade over time.The pages wont wear out because of high acid content, the binding can never break, and there can be no variations in the ink. Despite world criticized for their inconvenience and for being hard to read, e-books are often more convenient than their paper establish counterparts. Regardless of future developments in e-reading technology, I think the book trade will have plenty of room for paper books for quite some time, they wont be replaced, like vinyl records have not been supplanted by CDs. There always will be people who will buy pr inted book.

Interoperability Paper Essay

Health information transcriptions having the power to work together indoors and a mug organic lawal boundaries in order to advance the effective speech of health c be of individuals and communities is called Interoperability. Interoperability conjure ups the significance for information technology to make the ne cardinalrks and integrations work. It as well as affects care delivery, continuity of care, and the ability to share information with patients for patient engagement. The full term is most widely hired in product enhancement and marketing. In human beings work different providers employ interoperability to communicate with other systems and services for better results. (Margaret Rouse, 2006)ACF Interoperability maidenThe Administration for Children & Families or the ACF is known as an of the essence(predicate) Department of Health & Human Services America. ACF supports the economic and social upbeat of children, families, communities, and individuals finished of fering many state of the art programs. ACFs human services provide a vast range of groups consisting of individuals and families earning low income, subjective Americans, refugees, and many others. (ACF, 2013) ACF has a mission to fulfill, and is also struggling to do so. They urgency to be able to provide grants to non-profit groups, state and local governments, faith and community-based organizations, autochthonal American communities, and American Indian tribes. ACF also provides technical assistance, supervision, and administration to stock certificate beneficiaries that, in turn, are responsible for direct delivery of services. (ACF, 2013) There are many barriers and issues in providing the grants to the end recipients for which the initiative is taken to implement the interoperability. Interoperability is acknowledge as a national effort of technological and programmatic coordination to mitigate and heretofore diminish those barriers.Today, the emergence of interoperable technology provides the opportunityto unite systems cross wide traditional boundaries in exciting and rewarding paths. This integration through interoperability corresponds to the need for expansion of new service models and techniques to make best use of constructive outcomes for children, families and communities (ACF, 2013). Models of Interoperability There are different ways and methods to implement interoperability. closely every organization shits its own interoperability models and methods. The three models of interoperability are information interoperability, occupation interoperability, and technical interoperability. Information interoperability allows the separate systems to understand the format, meaning and also the prize of the information being ex interchange, and it includes knowledge management, business intelligence, information management, and trusted identity. line of credit interoperability is an interface that enables business interoperability between org anizational systems. It includes delivery network, e-Democracy, e-Business, enterprise preference management, and relationship and case management. Lastly technical interoperability means the ability of two or more information and communication technology applications, to accept selective information from each other and perform a given task in an appropriate and satisfactory manner without the need for extra operator preventative and this includes IT infrastructure ( Togaf, 2013)Advantages and DisadvantagesThere are many benefits of interoperability. Interoperability is significant in linking health and human services.It improves the clients experience by caring for the full-page person with enhanced and advanced care coordination, enhanced timely butt to getting critical information for decision making, prevent illness, reduce change conditions, decrease hospital reentries and help build individuals self-sufficiency. Interoperability helps in providing the ACF timely and sinl ess information to provide a more compatible enrollment process. The system will also enhance the access of information. The system helps access a wide range of selective information from every human service organization to link the clients to. The transparency through interoperability across programs will also enhance the ability of systems to reduce fraud, waste and abuse. I dont speculate there are any disadvantages.Back-upIt is very important for you to encourage the data because it is the heart of the organization. And to protect your organizations data, you need to implement a data backup and recovery plan. Backing up filing cabinets can protect against accidental loss of user data, database corruption, hardware failures, and even natural disasters (Microsoft, 2013).The way the single files are backed up vary according to the data that is ask to be back up and also the convenience regarding the recovery process. prescript/full backups In this method every file that is se lected is backed up, obscure from the setting of the propertys of document. If there is modification required in a file, this belongings is set, which shows the requirement for file back up. Listed below is the backup plan concerning the interoperability. * repeat backups Every file selected for back up is backed up fully, without the reflexion of the setting of the archive attribute.Contrasting a normal backup, the modification does non occur to the archive attribute on files. It gives rise to opportunity to create other backups in future. * Differential backups Invented in order save the changes to files since the cultivation backup of the system. Only files with the archive attribute are backed up. The files with the archive attribute arent modified. This lets you perform other kinds of backups on the files at a later date. * Incremental backups This is designed to generate backups of files that have changed since the most fresh normal or incremental backup. The existenc e of the archive attribute indicates that the file has been modified. Only files with this attribute are backed up. The archive attribute is vindicated when a file is backed up. If the file is modified later this attribute is set.When the attribute is set it indicates that the file needs to be backed up. * quotidian backups Designed to create backup files on the date the file was created. The file will also be backed up if the file has been changed on the same day as the backup. Daily backups do not change the archive attributes of files (Microsoft, 2013). The ACF is hoping to accomplish full backups on a weekly terra firma and complement this with daily, differential, or incremental backups. The organization also wants to generate an extend backup set for quarterly and monthly backups. This can include files that arent being backed up on a regular basis.ReferencesACF, (2013), ACF Interoperability Initiative. Retrieved from http//www.acf.hhs.gov/initiatives-priorities/interopera bility Margaret Rouse, (2006), Interoperability. Retrieved from http//searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/interoperabilityMicrosoft, (2013), Data Back Up and Recovery. Retrieved from http//technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb727010.aspxTogaf, (2013), Interoperability Requirements. Retrieved from http//pubs.opengroup.org/computer architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/chap29.html

Importance of IT measurements for an organization Essay

The process of a crinkle is a strategic ph integrity number which depends greatly on IT contribution. IT is crucial for any work to grow as it en adequates efficient and effective conversation between the employees and with the customers. Similarly, in collaboration with internet, IT houses intend of networking, marketing and communication. It provides storage capacity for the companys entropy, data protection, data processing, transmission and retrieval of data as required (Alexandrou, 2009). Furthermore, it saves lacuna which would piddle been used for storage of many paper works.IT has many advantages to a origin but it can also choose disadvantages. It is wherefore authoritative for businesses to guess it in the first rear end adopting it within its structure. IT offers different features and since different businesses oblige different postulate it is accordingly important for a business to lay down its objectives before adopting it. In more or less of the bi g fundamental laws IT has been adopted entirely in most of their operations while the small ones use it in performing a number of operations. Adopting IT for the entire business operations requires ofttimes financial investment capital and analysis of the technology.According to Myers (2004), few giving medications chip in put in place measures that ensure their corporate strategies and IT be aligned. In other words, few organizations have put in place rigorous systems for measuring the value brought about by IT to their business. In some organizations tools for the circumspection and quantity of IT spending are present and these implicate IT steering committee, activity based costing, annual budgets, tightly controlled systems of get, benchmarking among others (Myers, 2004).However, these tools do non measure its impacts on the business. Measurement of IT in an organization is vitally important but there are difficulties which hamper the military rating processes. In m ost organizations the IT managers lack full understanding of the business and are therefore not embarrassd in the decisions made by the old management personnel. The senior management personnel lack the knowledge of conducting IT touchstone processes gum olibanum many organization do not measure their IT effectively.To match to that most of the IT managers lack the fully understanding of the measurement of IT processes and get out therefore not conduct them (Williams, n. d. ). In Curleys (n. d. ) view, for IT to deliver business value, its measurement should be done in terms of revenue growth, profitability and customer satisfaction. The consummation of the IT system in business is normally evaluated by checking how the business operations are improved. A good system should be able to improve the operations of the business.The performance of an IT system should be directly proportionate to its contribution to customer satisfaction. With improvements in the business operation s, more customers will blend satisfied with services provided by the business. Moreover, the measurement of IT performance is a concomitant to the measurement of IT contribution to customer satisfaction. The performance of IT is evaluated by the operations of the business while its contribution is evaluated by the outgrowth in the number of customers and thus business growth.The measurement of IT in an organization is vital as it is utile in justifying the existing or the proposed system, comparing different systems, providing tools for system management and in providing a learning experience (Bjork, 2000). When evaluating an IT system in a business several things are usually considered effectiveness, efficiency and performance benefits. It is important for organizations to develop a framework for evaluating the potential costs and benefits of new IT systems, and the performance of these systems after being implemented.Benefits of measuring IT By measuring and evaluating the IT system, its efficiency, effectiveness and performance benefits can be fully determined and this will be helpful in making decisions concerning the adoption of a new IT system. To add to that, the organization will gain an understanding of the existing IT and will therefore have the capability to determine whether it is beneficial to the current needs of the business or not. With IT measurements, the organization will be saved from wastage of monetary resources in purchasing low quality systems.An organization might purchase IT systems which are not useful in meeting the objectives of the organization thereby leading to wastage of currency which would have been used for other important needs. Consequently, the business will be able to purchase a system which will be of much benefit to the organization. With an efficient IT system the business planning times will be greatly reduced, the cost of marketing will be greatly reduced and more inquiries will be handled within a unretentiv e time. Similarly, there will be a reduction in the communication cost and paperwork.Furthermore, an effective IT system will minimize business risks, increase the flexibility and competitiveness of the business, increase sales and will provide a sustainable increase in the market share. Furthermore, the performance benefits from the IT system include improvements in strategic intelligence for new markets, provision of capacity and space for business growth, overcoming obsolescence, provision of more relevant and reliable data, among others (Bjork, 2004). The measurements will be helpful in evaluating the weaknesses in the system and in providing guidelines on the ways of improving the system for the better.In other words, they will provide an luck to evaluate the loopholes in the technology. As time goes the needs of an organization changes or increases and thus improvements in technology are required. The goals of most organizations is to grow and buy the farm competitive in bus iness and as it grows its IT should also grow with it other it will become a hindrance in achieving its goals. The measurement of IT is therefore essential as it provides an opportunity for further advancements in this technology.In conclusion, IT measurements provide many benefits to an organization and are therefore essential. However, in many organizations, the victory of IT in a business is measured in terms of the IT parameters which include capacity, processing speed and up time. This therefore shows that many businesses do not measure IT with regard to customer satisfaction or profitability. Customers are one of the most important assets of a business and should be included in IT measurements to ensure a sustainable business growth.Similarly, organizations should invest more funds in IT measurements. In measuring the impacts of IT in organizations knowledge and understanding is a necessity and thus funds are required. Measurement of IT is not an sonant task and cannot be d one by anyone IT professionals are threfore needed and should have much experience in IT measurements. Since in many organizations the IT professionals have itsy-bitsy experience in IT measurements, IT experts from outside will be helpful in ensuring IT measurements are conducted in an efficient and effective manner.

Overcoming Adhd

Overcoming my ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (also known as ADHD) is a common condition that affects children and adolescents, and can add on to adulthood. ADHD is a problem with inattentiveness, everywhere-activity, and impulsivity. Depression, overlook of sleep, learning disabilities, tic disorders, and bearing problems may be confused with, or appear with, ADHD. I ceaselessly had problems paying circumspection and focusing. I was al commissions extremely hyperactive, always data track around wanting to play with my friends and avoid readiness.My pargonnts recognized the behaviors I was arrangementing, since both(prenominal) my br another(prenominal) and sister showed them at my age as well, and were both on medication for ADHD. When I turned 14, my p bents took me to a psychiatrist to maunder somewhat my symptoms of ADHD and see if I was going to be prescribed medication. I wasnt truly sure what it was or how medication would help me with ADHD. When I w ent to the psychiatrist, she asked me a series of questions, like about my organizational skills, and about homework and grades.After I told her I had trouble getting homework managed, and I was really forgetful and not organized with my schoolwork, she diagnosed me of ADHD and prescribed me on Adderall. Since Ive been taking adderall, my grades have improved greatly, and Ive improved so untold on focusing and being more organized. I also support with my psychiatrist every three months to talk about my ADHD and if I think my medication is still effective. The symptoms of ADHD fall into three categories lack of attention (inattentiveness), hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior (impulsivity).Some children show inattentive behaviors, while others (like me) show inattention and hyper behaviors, also called combined ADHD. Some inattentive symptoms include hassle organizing or completing tasks, failing to pay close attention to details, and are easily distracted. Hyperactivity symptom s include being fidgety, unable to sit still, and disruptive towards other people. Symptoms of impulsivity include being impatient behaviors. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on very specific symptoms. Children should have at least 6 attention symptoms or 6 hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, with some symptoms present before age 7.The symptoms essential be severe enough to cause significant difficulties in legion(predicate) settings, including home, school, and in relationships with peers. The child should have an valuation by a remediate if ADHD is suspected (which is why I went to a family psychiatrist). Sometimes an evaluation by a doctor might even include complete a developmental, mental, nutritional, physical, and psychosocial examination. Treatment of ADHD is between the parents, individual, and doctor, since there are versatile approaches towards treatment. Such approaches include behavioral therapy and medication.Whatever the therapy chosen, it is important that the ind ividual makes sure they are following the treatment rules as planned. A lot of doctors debate over the proper use of treatment for ADHD since it is seen as a neurological and behavioral disorder. I believe that ADHD is a neurobiological disorder, and its symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity is shown through behaviors. The first treatment Im going to talk about is medication. I think medication is a great way to approach ADHD, since it is a neurological and behavioral disorder.

Balfour vs. Balfour Case Study

Law of puzzle BALFOUR vs. BALFOUR 1919 2K. B. 571 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. itemisation OF ABBREVIATIONS 2. LIST OF possibilityS 3. FACTS OF THE CASE 4. ISSUES INVOLVED 5. CONTENTIONS 6. JUDGMENT 7. LAW POINT 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS I. L. J. Lord justice II. AIR All India Reporter III. QBD Queens Bench sectionalisation IV. CBNS Common Bench Report (New Series) V. AER All England ReporterVI. CLR Commonwealth Law Reports LIST OF CASES Cases referred to by the administration of magic spell in Balfour vs. Balfour I. Eastland vs. Burchell (1878),3 Q. B. D. 432 II. Jolly vs. Rees (1864),15 C. B. N. S. 628 III. Debenham vs. Mellon (1880),6 App. Cas. 24 Cases having the aforesaid(prenominal) natural law point as Balfour vs. Balfour I. Rose and Frank Co. vs. Crompton & Bros. Ltd. (1925) A. C. 445 II. Jones vs. Padavatton (1969) All E. R. 616 III. Meritt vs. Meritt (1970) 2 All E. R. 760 IV. S. V. R. Mudaliar vs. Rajababu AIR 1995 SC 1607. Some recent case laws having th e aforesaid(prenominal) law pointI. Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) 209 CLR 95 Facts Archbishop Ermogenous make a claim for payments he thought due for yearbook and long service leave from the Greek Orthodox Community. He succeeded at first instance but the Full appeal of the Supreme Court of SA found thither was no intention to create effectual relations between the parties. An appeal was make to the High Court. II. EDMONDSv LAWSON(2000) FACTS OF THE CASE later on their marriage in August, 1900, the parties went to Ceylon, where the married man had a government post.In November, 1915, the wife came to England unneurotic with the preserve, who was on leave. they both intended to return to Ceylon . In August,1916,the saves leave expired and he had to return to Ceylon ,but the wife ,on the advice of her doctor ,was to sojourn in England. On August 8, 1916, when the husband was ab issue to sail, the wife aver that the parties enter into an oral stud y whereby the husband agreed to make an earnings of ? 30 a month. The parties had non at that time agreed to drop dead apart, but did so subsequently when differences arose between them.An action was taken by the wife against the husband to recover money which she claimed was due to her under the compact, the say consideration for that agreement being a forecast by her to agree herself without calling upon him. ISSUES INVOLVED * Was there any level-headedly enforceable castrate? * Was there any intention to enter into a sound kindred? CONTENTIONS PLAINTIFF In this case the wife said In frightful 1916, my husbands leave was up . I was suffering from decrepit arthritis. My doctor advised my staying in England for some months, and not to go out till Nov. . I booked a passage for next piloting day in September. On august 8 my husband sailed. He gave me a cheque from august 8 to august 31 for 24 pounds, and hoped to give me 30 pounds per month till I joined him in Ceylon. Sh e to a fault showed some garner about which she said My husband and I wrote the figures together on august 8 and 34 pounds were shown. Afterwards he said 30 pounds. She cherished to recover money from her husband. DEFENDANT The reject court entered judgment in favor of the plaintiff and held that the defendants promise to send money was enforceable.The court held that Mrs. Balfours consent was adapted consideration to render the contract enforceable and the defendant appealed. JUDGEMENT At first instance, Sargant, J. , who was sitting as an additional judge of the Kings Bench Division took into account the points that the wife in this case sued her husband claiming that her husband had agreed to give her an allowance of ? 30 per month which he failed to give, she claimed that there was a bind legal contract and the husband shall in consideration of a promise by the wife pay her the bring of ? 0 a month . Sargant J. held that there was a binding agreement and gave the descion in the favor of the wife by and by this an appeal was filed by the husband. Warrington,L. J. a judge in the court of appeal noted that there was a valid consideration in this case and said that It seems to me on these letters that there was a definite bargain between the husband and the wife under which ,while the husband was in India and in a fitted aim and the wife was in England living separate from him ,she should be paid a definite sum of ? 0 a month ,and that agreement was made when the husband retuned to Ceylon ,and was reaffirmed on at least two occasions after unhappy differences had shown themselves ,at any rate on the part of the husband ,and when it was probable that their separation might last for some time. Then he proceeded by saying that there was not exactly a valid contract because this agreement last outd because of the circumstances which arose and this agreement cannot be termed as a legal contract because the intention to enter into a legal apprisal is missing.He observed that it was quite plain that no such contract was made in express terms, and there wasnt any bargain on the part of the wife at all. All that took place was this the two parties met in a friendly way and discussed what would be unavoidable for the support of the wife while she was in England,there wasnt any proof that the wife wanted the sum of ? 30 as a compensation or in the satisfaction of the obligations of the husband towards her to maintain her. He said that the husband denotative his intention to make the payment, and he was bound in honour to continue it so long as he was in a redact to do so.The wife on the early(a) hand, as far as I can see, made no bargain at all. He concluded by saying that the judgment made by Sargant, J. , was wrongfulness and the appeal should be allowed. DUKE,L. J. another(prenominal) judge in the court of appeal agreed with Warrington,L. J. and said that the only question in this case is whether the promise of the husband t o the wife ,that while she was living absent from him he testament make her a periodical allowance, is a promise which involves in law consideration on the part of the wife sufficient to convert the promise into an agreement.He said that according to him there wasnt any legally enforceable contract and the basis of this agreement was the relationship of husband and wife and the proposition that the rough-cut promises made in the ordinary domestic relationship of husband and wife of necessity gives cause for action on a contract seems to go to the root of the relationship .He concluded by saying I think that in point of principle there is no earthing for the claim which is made here ,and I am satisfied on the question of fact that there was no consideration moving from the husband to the wife or promise by the husband to the wife which was sufficient to sustain this action founded merely on contract . In my mentation ,the appeal must be allowed. ATKIN,L. J. lso supported the ju dgment of the other two judges and said that in the arrangements between husband and wife mutual promises are present but there is no consideration which is necessary for a legally enforceable contract, in addition to this the intention to be attended by legal consequences is also absent. Such cases cant be sued upon because the parties in the inception of the arrangement never intended that they should be sued upon. He said I think that the parol recounts upon which the contract turns does not demonstrate a contract .I think that the written evidences dont evidence a contract . For this reason I think that the judgment of the in condition(p) judge in the court below was wrong ,and that this appeal should be allowed. LAW POINT The law point in this case is endeavor to create legal relationship. Intention to create legal relations is an necessity element for creation of a contract. Intention to create legal relations is defined as an intention to enter a legally binding agreeme nt or contract. It consists of readiness of a party to accept the legal sequences of having entered into an agreement.Intention to create legal relations is a motion of every spotting party must have the necessary intention to enter into a legally binding contract. Promise in the case of social engagements is by and large without an intention to create a legal relationship. Such an agreement therefore, cannot be considered to be a contract. Thus an agreement to go for a liberty chit ,to go to a movie, to play some game, or entertain another person with with a dinner, cannot be enforced in a court of law.Sometimes the parties may expressly mention that it is not a formal or legal agreement, whereas in some other cases such an intention could be presumed from their agreement. Under UK law, an agreement supported by consideration is not plenty to create a legally binding contract the parties must also have an intention to create legal relations. Often, the intention to create lega l relations is expressly stated by the contracting parties. In other situations, the law will readily imply the intention, because of the nature of the commercial dealings between the parties.Generally it is assumed that in social and domestic geek of agreements this type of intention is absent, but parties do intend to create legal relations in commercial agreements. It is assumed that this doctrine was not clear accomplished until 1919. Alternatively, it can be said that the Doctrine is based upon public insurance that is to say that, as a matter of policy, the law of contract ought not to intervene in domestic situations because the courts would then be swamped by vacant domestic disputes.The test to know the intention of the parties is objective and not indwelling merely because the promisor contends that there was no intention to create legal obligation would not exempt him from liability. It may be noted that although in the case of close relationship there may be general ly no intention to create legal relationship but there is nothing which prevents these persons from agreeing to be bound by their promises thus if an arrangement clearly shows an intention to create legal relationship the parties become bound thereby.It is restrained an open question whether in the express provisions in the Indian make Act ,1872,the requirement of intention to contract is applicable in India. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. PRIMARY SOURCE 1918-19 All E. R. Rep. B. SECONDARY SOURCE Indian Contract Act R. K. Bangia C. OTHER SOURCES www. indlaw. com www. indiankanoon. org http//www. australiancontractlaw. com

Summary of ‘Villa for Sale’

Afor sale is a drama written by Sacha Guitry. In this drama Juliette puts up her villa for sale. some customers come to show the villa but they do not demoralise it. after almost a month, Juliette gets a call saying a lady will come to buy it. a french braces Gaston and Jeanne come to take a look at the villa. while wait for the owner of the villa, gaston indicater that he has no intention of buying a villa. Juliette enters and gives a complete discription of the villa. after much bargaining Juliette reduces the price from 2,50,000 francks to 2,00,000 francks. aston doesn t add together and is about to leave when Jeanne wants to have a look around the villa. Jeanne wants to see the upper floor Gaton doesn t joins them. Mrs al Smith arrives to look at the villa. she mistakes Gaston as the owner of the villa. She buys the villa for 3,00,000 francks. When Jeanne returns after looking at the top floor,she indicates that she has deep in thought(p) the idea of buying the villa but G aston desires to buy the villa for 2,00,000 francks. Juliette is still unaware that Gaston has change the villa to mrs al smith. Gaston s ingenuitnity is later discovered by Jeanne.Villa for sale is nil but just about a woman( Juliette) who sells her house to a fit in hastiness,and Mr. Gatson who buys the house sells it to another american who assumes Gatson to be the husband of juliette when his married woman Jeanne and Juliette go to inspect the top floor of the house. it is all about the foxy minded Gatson. n my point of view the whole drama itself is a satire (wrote with one intention, to ridicule a person in the course of action of a poem or a play). Here Gaston is a humourous character and throughout the drama he does not agree with Jeanne thought that this villa is impossible.His words are short but very thoughtful. He is highly witty and clever in his replies. On the principle of people who care children and havent any can always go live near a school As the summar y we can conclude that the use of a character like Gaston enhanced the thoughts of the writer thus helping the reader visualize what the real story is about. By another post I have described all the the characters of Villa For Sale. Because I havent putt it in present I thought it is boring read a such pertinacious post at once.

Selecting, Developing, Managing and Retaining Knowledge Workers

Do HR departments have a bun in the oven the right strategies to select, trail, manage and apply knowledge role players? As Peter Drucker recently quoted, the bare-ass knowledge thriftiness leave al wholeness rely heavily on knowledge workers who are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers only in any case see themselves as professionals. cognition technologists are likely to compel the dominant social and perhaps, political force over the next decades. Thus, it is genuinely important to have the right strategies in place to select, develop, manage and arrest knowledge workers.But before we proceed to analyze if HR departments do have these strategies, we pauperization to understand what the term knowledge workers means. A knowledge worker is unmatchable who works primarily with information or one who develops and uses knowledge in the body of work. In a knowledge-driven economy, a knowledge worker is oriented more towards research, analysis a nd manipulation of the symbols, as in information, sooner than the mechanical tools.These individuals have domain knowledge expertise and may hold broadly architects, finance experts, graphic designers, fashion designers, pharmaceutical scientists, researchers, teachers, and policy analysts, to take a shit but a few. In order to focus on strategically critical knowledge workers, it is necessary to move beyond merely creating a supportive culture or a trounce place to work. sack up innovators understand their worth. These workers are independent and entrepreneurial, for instance like the originators of eBay, Google and Facebook.To keep such(prenominal) spate, it is necessary to make them feel like they are building their take in businesses within the larger organization. This washbasin be achieved partly by recognizing their situation as thought leaders but it is also important to ordinate them a stake in the unseasoned fields of business they develop. The bottom line is that organizations need to view key talent as partners, quite a than as employees or resources. The balance of power has shifted such that naughtyly skilled innovators need to be seen as partners or they are gone.In the past, human resources, training, and grasp relations managers and specialists performed the administrative function of an organization, such as handling employee benefits questions or recruiting, interviewing, and hiring new lag in accordance with policies established by flower management. Their task was to attract, motivate, and retain the most qualified employees and match them to jobs for which they are best suited.Today the role of human resources workers is more than just managing these tasks, but, increasingly, that of strategic prep in consultation with top executives. They have moved from behind-the-scenes cater work to leading the company in suggesting and changing policies. Many organizations seize to have a commitment to developing their employees and phrases such as our people are our most valuable assets are often spotted on motivational posters in companies. In my opinion, however, very few companies embrace a structured approach to training and retentivity programmes.HR departments may asseverate to have some(prenominal) strategies to select, develop, manage and retain employees, but what is important is that the mental contract, which is vital to building and sustaining a win-win relationship, needs to be reinforced. Research shows that several well-intended training and training initiatives fail to deliver the desired results. In fact, during frugal slowdowns the budget which is often the first to be cut back on is the training budget.Adopting a structured approach to employee training and memory requires a change in mindset at the very top-level of the organization. The entire emersion of staff retention needs to be treated in a strategic way and this is where most organizations lack. The first step in the tu ition of an employee retention strategy is identifying the pinch points for the organization, the areas where the company regularly suffers from a high staff turnover and the particular concerns and problems of the targeted staff groups.It is also important to have a clear understanding of the expectations and aspirations of your employees only then can you develop the strategies needed to meet some of these aspirations and begin to develop a workplace that is a great place to work and employees who see the company as a good company to work for. A good retention strategy should address issues such as support in the workplace, progression, opportunities for development, remuneration, workings time, and flexible working. The focus should be on retaining existing talent and keeping the available organizational knowledge intact rather than searching for new talents.The key to achiever testament be the integration of training and development within the retention strategy. Training an d development provides the means of supporting staff to operate effectively and enabling staff to access the opportunities provided by the retention strategy. Levels of remuneration and flexible working allow signal the right environment but it is through using training and development as a mechanism to demonstrate investment in employees on an on-going basis that will turn an organizational commitment into a reality.The techniques and movementes that help new hires take quickly are also the techniques and processes that help retain organizational knowledge. Knowledge sharing techniques such as communities of practice, mentoring, lunch and learn sessions, business process maps, expertise directories of staff are just as useful for retaining organizational knowledge as they are for fast learning by new employees. A good knowledge sharing technique should address questions such as What does it offer me? What does it offer us? What does it offer to the organization? once these t echniques fill the personal and group learning needs of staff, they will also evolve to sharing strategic information. Techniques such as communities of practice can be HRs role in strategic information management for the organization. The success of an organization in its strategy will be judged ultimately by its success in engaging individuals in development activities, not in simply having them available. The key to success will be how relevant and enchant the development activity is and how accessible it is to employees.It requires talent to retain talent. The successful employer of the prox will be a keen competitor in the skills market. They will compete for the best recruits but not in terms of rigorously financial rewards but by offering them the best working experience, one that offers security as well as progression and personal growth. They will focus on retaining the available organizational knowledge and harnessing it to the maximum rather than on hunting for new tale nts.

Kilkenny Lumber Case Study Essay

Part I1. Productivity of the crew would be below threadbare. I believe for the productivity to be below standard because they were sent to this crew because of their lack of calculate. Just because they build been assigned to a nonher(prenominal) crew, does not mean that they result begin to work well rightfield away. When compared to the Equity Theory, I believe there to be positive in preciselyice for the three men assigned to the bare-assed root. For being assigned to the group due to lack of work, it is below the belt to postulate a higher return grade than those who have been in the company for a giganticstanding check of time and who are doing their job correctly. This whitethorn cause issues with subprofessionals being do to work to their full potentials because they may see it as being unfair and at the same time the professionals may think they do not need to work as hard.2. Crewmen would be moderately satisfied with their job. I believe that the crewmen would be more satisfied with their previous job, but may not fit in very well with the animated group. roughly of the crewmen have been working there for quite a while longer and ingestting either the same pay or less. In addition, the existing crewmen may grow frustrated in having to pick up for the relax of the bare-ass crew members depending on the new crew members motivation. I do believe the incentives given for good work are good, but I believe the pay grade should be based on how long you have been with the company and your direct of output and not centralized on education which is how it appears.3. Group members would get on with some but not others. I believe the existing crew members would continue to get along with unmatchable another but the new professionals willing feel bid outsiders. The existing subprofessionals will continue to get along fine with one another, but it may be hard for them to accept the new professionals.4. Crewmen will, in terms of the given job description do what they are say to do, no more or less. If there is no motivation for the job, thence according to the motivational theory this will directly affect their level of slaying. The crewmen who were assigned to this group are probably not happy with their reassignment, so at least in the beginning things may be slow.5. approximately subgroups will have accepted the informal standards about crew demeanour while others will not. The crewmen who have been with the company for a longer terminus of time may have grown accustomed to the current standards. The new crewmen on the other hand may disagree with the standards and try to work through new ones. Since Kilkenny management considered the leader and assistant leader to be polished foresters and teachers, I believe they will implement new strategies which will best(p) benefit the crew as a whole.Part IIMy predictions in theatrical role I were fairly accurate to the entropy provided in fall apart II. The existin g crewmen talked amongst one another at lunch time and the new crewmen isolated themselves from the group. Additional breeding that would have helped with predictive accuracy could have included information about the three new professionals past performance in other groups specifically. A description could have included information about the amount of work done compared to fellow co-workers. Also, if the professionals have been reassigned in the past could have been added.Part III1. The graduation exercise strategy will be successful. I believe this strategy to be an excellent mood because this would divide the professionals up with existing workers. Not only would this free them to get to know other subprofessionals bring out, but it would allow the professionals to better understand how to work with the group as a whole.2. The secant strategy will be unsuccessful. If the first part were to fail, I do not find how the second base choice will be successful. I think that a po lice squad building exercise or exactly what the first strategy suggested should help. The first strategy forces the professionals to work with the subprofessionals so they may grow a better relationship with one another. I do not believe the second strategy to work because it seems like a last re differentiate to just split them up and hope for the best.3. Some other strategy will not be necessary. As explained earlier, I predict the first alternative to work because it forces them to work unitedly. Since existing crewmen have shown to be successful, it will allow the professionals to collaborate with the subprofessionals. The only alternative I would suggest is some sort of team building exercise either outside of work or on the job exercise that would make them have to work together as a team in order to complete a specific task.Part IVMy predictions were incorrect with the information from part IV. I thought that making them work with one another would bring them together and start to work as a team. I believe that the information provided was not sufficient enough to give an accurate analysis resulting in an analytical failure. It appears that the professionals simply do not have the motivation that the subprofessionals have to do the job at a reasonable speed. In part I, it should have given more background information on the professionals and why specifically they had been reassigned.

Family and Life

Cause/Effect Essay Did you know that being connected with your family could be the lift out tool to stand by you to accomplish your goals much easier? However, a family fecal matter influence sometimes in a good trend or sometimes in a bad cardinal. Fortunately my family has influenced me in a good manner that in return I entrust help my relatives just the same way they did. Growing along with my family has influence and alter my look in significant ways. There are three of import ways on how my parents oblige influenced in my life, such as no to give up on my goals, being responsible for my acts and being solidarity to others.First, one of the most important things that they told me is non to give up on my goals. As I have been gotten older, my mind starts to realize that life without goals is not life, that life without goals or towards something is pointless. I believe everyone when a kid was had dreams to become person in the future such as Attorney, Doctor, Professor , and President of The United States of America. My mother, who has been endlessly telling me to believe in myself, that I can achieve my goals if I work harder and believe in myself.As an gist, I graduated from high shoal last year with good standing grades. I am soon a freshman at Oakton community college working on my way to a four year institute, and I have a class time job at Marshalls Store De tripment. This was a big acquisition in my life because I would not have done it if devil my parents were not there sustaining me. Second, effect that my family has on my life is teaching me how to be responsible for my acts. Being responsible in my acts has been teaching me enormous lessons age growing up. This was caused by my oldest sister.She has been through umpteen difficult experiences that taught her to be to a greater extent responsible for her hold acts. Now, I try to do the best in every step that I have to take. Through the years, I have become a better individual istic in myself by choosing the best ways to be better person in my acts every day by not hurting my family or anyone in my life with my acts. Third, effect that my family has on my life is how to be solidarity to other. I remember how my grandmother, who passed away two years ago, told me that I wished to be solidarity to others if I lossed to stretch out happier and in peace.Furthermore, helping others gives a sensation that words cannot describe itself because this feeling is special I think. Sometimes this feeling fills up a part of me that I cannot fill up with anything else. I help other lot whenever I have the opportunity not just because I want to feel special but because it helps me to be a better individual than the day before. My grandma was like a second mother to me, she taught me many values such as respect, love, tolerance and other things that are internal to put on practice in this life. A family always will be one of the best tools to count on in your unreco rded yet.Because any member of any family could help, advice, guide you to the best way for your own good and not to make same mistakes that they might have done. A family will always be the main resource to come to for help. However, not all family members would be helpful in good means. Some relatives would be selfish and intolerant to you. Eventually one will notice if the advising is disposed(p) in a good way or not. All pitying beings need someone who can talk to, someone to turn bet on on to, someone who would be there for you in the happiest and saddest moments. We all need someone to talk to because we have feelings for others.

Why People Commit a Crime?

It was frequently asked and re calculateed byout the years of why mint commit a offensive activity. As the opposed question came about, theorist came out with their theories of why volume commit a horror. I believe people commit detestation because they are acquire it from the influences in their life and because the person or persons is a very important aspect in their lives it leads to the process of why people commit a aversion. This consorts to Sutherlands hypothesis of Differential Association, but while it does connect to Sutherlands opening this paper leave behind focus on the social attainment theory that Aker mentions and has further look into of the subject of crime.Micro-Level Learning theory has been innovational by umpteen theorist over the years such as the theorist Sutherland. If I were to test the theory of social learning, specifically micro-level learning theory I would examine the relationships with peers preferably home(a) relationships with frien ds and family. Only whence when viewing the intimate relationships, I would see the person learn the techniques of committing crime and whats considered in the text definitions. When mentioning definitions its what is lucky and unfavorable toward violation of the law.Now, for the theory to be accurate I have to find things that support or amongst the search if it undermines the theory at hand. The theory had one major concern that undermines the true statement of the theory. The theory does not give a good description of the favorable and unfavorable to crime. It was because that the description of the theory was first described by Sutherland than a few others, until it lead to Akers.There has been many theorists who tried to define the definitions more(prenominal) precisely. It was treated as different theories, but the main one I want to focus on is the social learning theory. Since at that place has been many theorist who focused for example, control theory it became difficu lt to find the theory that is more acceptable.Another concern that was mentioned was that the theory failed to describe the process of how crime is learned. Akers did however, did draw from psychology to get a better aspect of the behaviour and the social learning process. The process comes in three steps as tell by Akers. First, an individual learn beliefs that define crime as desirable or justifiable. He goes more in depth truism these beliefs lead to crime.The second process is that people engage in crime because are reinforced into that situation, meaning it could be peer pressure (a minus reinforcement) or the individual could receive a reward for participating in the crime. The last process is that people imitate the distressing behavior of others, which is the intimate relationship the individual has with them.The process of learning crime as shown through most studies which shows that associating with family and/or friends that exhibit criminal behavior, comes out more often throughout most of the studies. This was taken as a strong picture to support the social learning theory, however, even though it had the correlation legion(predicate) interrogationers argued against it.The researchers argued that the correlation doesnt mean that the association with criminal family or friends cause criminal behavior in the individual. Even saying that as well there has been strong support to back up the social learning theory. It is said that the origin of the support stems from research solely based off of experiments existence conducted such as surveys or field work studies.From all the schooling that has been researched and conducted has shown the support of the theory and also the facts that undermine the theory. If I were to make the theory more accurate I would say that an individual associating themselves with a dilapidated family member influences the individual to commit or take part in criminal activities.This combined theory now becomes more accurate to the research that has been conducted by the theorists. The theory itself needs a lot more research that needs to be conducted, but with the improved version of the theory will lead to a more stronger support of the social learning theory.

M1 Revision Exam Notes

TheBig50 reviseGuidelines? M1 OPHS TheBig50RevisionGuidelinesforM1 Ifyoucanunders tangentdalloftheseyoulldoverywell 1. run intowhatismeantbyaModelinMechanics,andwhyall substantive? lifesystemshavetobe modelledinordertobeanalysedtheoretically 2. fuckhoweverydayobjectsaremodelledasParticle,Lamina,RigidBody,Rod(Light,Uniform,Non? uniform), gear(Light,Inextensible),Pulley(Light,Smooth),Surface(Rough,Smooth),Bead,Wire andPegandthecorrespondingassumptionsthatgowith each(prenominal)ofthese 3.Knowthedifference mingled withaVectorandaScalarquantity,andbe commensuratetogiveanexampleofeach 4. Understandandusethe reportofa vectortorepresentdisplacements,velocities,speedupsand rampsinaplane 5. Knowthedifference amongspeed(ascalar)andvelocity(avector) 6. Knowthedifferencebetweenmassandweight 7. Knowthedifferencebetweengravitational quickeningandgravitationalforce 8. Beabletoexplainwhataforceiswithoutusingthewordforce 9. Beabletoexplainwhat miswithoutusingthewordtime 10.Givenavelocityoraccelerat ionintermsofunitiandjvectors,understandhowto bewilderits magnitudeanddirection,andviceversa 11. Knowhowtoworkwithiandjcomponents by the pieceincalculations 12. Knowhowtowritedownstraightawaythe horizonvectorattimetofaparticle, assumptionitsinitial positionvectorandthevelocitywithwhichitismoving 13. UnderstandtheTriangle faithfulnessandParallelogramLawforcombiningvectors 14. UnderstandhowtoapplytheSineandCosineRulesforcalculatinganglesbetweenvectors 1 TheBig50RevisionGuidelines?M1 OPHS 15. Knowhowtoresolve eachvector(force,velocity,acceleration)intotwoperpendiculardirections usingsineandcosine separately 16. Beabletoquotefrom depotatleast vanadiumdifferentformulaedescribingmotionunderconstant acceleration,usingthefivevariablesinthemnemonicuvats 17. KnowhowtoconstructandinterprettimegraphsforDisplacement,Velocity/ stimulateand Acceleration,withparticularunderstandingofwhatcanbedeterminedfromthegradientof,and/or theareaunder,thegraphthusdrawn 18.BeabletoquotefrommemoryNewtonsthreeLawso fMotion 19. Knowhowtocalculate capricegiventhemassandvelocityofaparticle 20. Beabletoexplainthe joiningbetweenImpulse,Force,TimeandMomentum 21. Knowthe connexionbetweenthegradientofaslopeandthetangentoftheangleitmakeswith the level 22. Knowhowtocalculateanytwoofsin? ,cos? andtan? giventhethird,withoutfindingthe rateof ? first 23. Knowhowtosolve quadratic equationequationsusingavarietyofmethodsbesidestheformula 24.Knowhowtosolve co-occurrentequationsusingavarietyofmethods 25. BeabletoexplaintheconnectionbetweenFrictionForceF,CoefficientofFrictionandReaction ForceR,inparticularbeingabletoexplainthecircumstancesinwhich clangincreasestoa maximumvalueandthenstaysatthatvalue 26. Beabletodescribeascenarioinwhich encounteris playingupaslope,andthenanotherscenarioin whichfrictionis actingdownaslope 27. Understandhowtoreadagivenquestioninordertodeterminethenatureanddirectionoffriction

Traffic jam Essay

men develop stepped on the moon. Now they atomic reduce 18 going from one shopping center to other(a) within both(prenominal) hours. World fastest auto is fitted to sprint 252mph, nonwithstanding the citizens of capital of Bangladesh (some metres) messnot happen few miles to Gulistan from Mohakhali or from each one other place to our destination place within hours. You mustiness go bulge out from your ho exercise before two or three hours to reach destination which is that 20 or 30 proceedings required. Who is li able-bodied for this? Traffic close is that magician. Traffic bundle has reverse a colossal monster in our modern life. Traffic all over-crowding is not exactly affecting our mintiness but the education sector as well. Students give the gatenot do other tasks such as photocopying or collecting notes before tending class in the morning beca utilization a lap of time gets theatrical roleless on employment congestions. It wastes lot of workin g hours of students as well as teachers. In m some(prenominal) occasions, students and teachers fail to attend classes in due time. And it is more painful when students fail to reach exam h eithers and fails hardly due to a social problem. Now just think ein truthday how unt quondam(a) bailiwick time is wasting, how much economical activities ar losing, for the calling congestion problem. This fitting is focusing current situation of handicraft congestion problem in capital of Bangladesh city.What is Traffic jam? A trading jam is a long line of vehicles that cannot unravel forward because on that point is too much relations, or because the channel is shoveed by something. Over the last few years the calling congestion problem of capital of Bangladesh City has visibly been deteriorating steadily. Limited resources, invested for the diement of transferral facilities, such as infrastructure and vehicles, join with the rapid rise in glamour demand, existence of old r un and also huge number of non-motorized vehicles on tracks, lack of application of equal and proper occupation concern schemes argon producing severe transport problems in almost all the trans bodily function r awaye in capital of Bangladesh. Citizens unendingly qu and so on to the highest degree the intolerable problems of traffic jam.BackgroundBangladesh is a populous farming & capital of Bangladesh, as the capital of Bangladesh, has to accommodate a large sh ar of this universe. on that point ar 18 Special Planning Zones (SPZ) in the Dhaka metropolitan Area, where population has already crossed 11 million. each year population is add-on at the rate of7 percent in Dhaka. Dhaka Metropolitan Area is expected to become one of the largest cities within the archeozoic next century. Everyday heaps of volume move to Dhaka for the purpose of earning money. Day by day the number is increasing and most vox of Dhaka is badly affected by the population ingathering. Traffic jam has turned daily trips into nightmargons to the people of Dhaka. The transportiness community inevitably suffers for the constant waste of its most precious resource of time. opposite commuters of being stuck in traffic jam for hours an end, while residents breathe in a lot more lead and almost 10 percent of its population seeks medical examination treatment each year for line of products pollution (Faulty vehicles, old vehicles, especially diesel post vehicles, and dust from highroadstead contribute to air pollution) colligate respiratory illness.The number of automobiles has been increasing in Dhaka city at the rate of at least 10 percent annually, which has been contributing to air pollution on the one hand and traffic congestion on the other. At rush hour, a distance of three to foursome kilometers can take about an hour to reach. Destinations like Gulisthan, Motijheel, Old Dhaka, Maghbazar, Malibagh, Gulshan, and Dhanmondi argon nightmargons for commuters from bot h point in the city. Especially frustrating argon the points Hotel Sonargaon go through, the road in front of the Prime Ministers impinge onice, Maghbazar, Mouchak, Malibagh, Khilghaon, Rampura, Elephant highroad, Science Laboratory, Green Road, Jatrabari, Sayedabad, Mohakhali and old parts of the city mainly at Dholaikhal, Postagola, Bangshal, and Chowkbazar. People miss of the essence(p) appointments are late for work, children and old people fall sick, not to extension the painful site that most of us choose to ignore a blaring ambulance stuck in the middle of a traffic jam onerous desperately to find a way. The heat released from the engines, especially the private cars that use air conditioners, increase the overall temperature of the city. Continued exposure to pollution from the streets during traffic jams, depart have grave solvents in the future health of these people. The economy, meanwhile, is losing out in millions because of traffic jams. Government officials e stimate a loss of somewhat tk15000 crore annually because of traffic jams.Transport System of DhakaThe transportation dust of Dhaka is predominantly road based where non-motorized transport mainly ricksha has a substantial share. DhakaMetropolitan has heterogeneous traffic flows. Rickshaws are the dominating mode of human beings transport. Trips made by public transport especially buses are very low. A substantial part of organic traffic is non-motorized vehicles which enhance serve congestion especially in road intersections. The contribution of Bangladesh Railways (BR) to urban public transport is very s place. We listen about big plans of elevated express ways, underground metro rails etc., but in reality it is hard to believe that these plans can ever be materialized by this poor nation having business dealive corruption in all sectors, from judiciary to education. The 20 year Strategic Transport Plan (STP) includes 17400 de nameine km of water and surface ways in Dhaka a nd neighbour Narayanganj, Narshingdi, Munshiganj, Gazipur and Manikganj districts. Metro train services, elevated motorways, mess Rapid Transit (BRT), complex body part of roads connecting the east of the capital to the west, flyovers, footbridges, new roads, and repair of damaged thoroughfares are the main features of the plan. Under the plan, the politics will construct and reconstruct 330 km of roads and highways including 50 new roads, flyovers, elevated expressways, metro (underground railway), circular waterways, bus rapid transit, rapid mass transit, bus-route rationalization, traffic musical arrangement development and sound environment. The Major factor behind traffic JamThere are many reasons behind traffic jam in Bangladesh. Among them some major(ip) factors are as follows1. Around 60 percent of the city roads are encroached by hawkers, and dumping of construction materials. 30 types of motorized and non-motorized vehicles are plying on the same street, causing haph azard traffic jams.2. Undisciplined traffic manoeuvre in the road and also faulty traffic house systems. Traffic lawful philosophy have to throw the signaling system. Sometimes they maintain the signal manually, which whitethorn force more congestion problem.3. Unplanned growth of Dhaka, Dhaka centric development of the country, the lack of east-west connecting roads, unplanned construction deep down the city, and increased number of private transports has the contributory factors to traffic congestion.4. Indiscipline military position among the road user, driver dont comply with traffic rules.5. No k instantaneouslyledge about traffic rules which encourage people to violating the rules.6. Outside the plaza and right beside the road,occupation of tea-stalls and shops make difficult for pedestrians to use the pathway.7. Enforcement of rules by picaresque persons (traffic police) who are busy in collection of irregular money from traffic rules violators.8. Dhaka City has ve ry inadequate road networks. For a well-worn city, where the minimum road requirement is 25% to 30%, Dhaka has only 7.5% road of its total field.9. Illegal ballparking is another reason for traffic jam. Cars, trucks and other vehicles are parked almost everywhere.10. Some traffic police officers are busy for special(a)cting money for the illegal parking and violation of signal by freezeping the vehicle in the middle of the road.11. Inadequate workforce and narrow road spaces and overtaking tendency of drivers create pro-longed traffic congestions and combine sufferings of commuters keeping people motionless as well as creating suffocate condition in the streets12. There are bus terminals not accredited by the traffic department and the bus drivers do not go by traffic rules. Also buses stop randomly to pick up and drop passengers.13. Each day around 80 trains enter and go past the city, which causes six hours halt of traffic in total through each level crossing. Such type s of level crossing create intolerable congestion at Magbazar, Mohakhali, Staff road, Karwan Bazar and other places.14. VIP protocol maintaining is another reason for frequent traffic jams in the streets15. Divider problem in the citys unlike important roads also causes congestion.16. On the same road the uncoordinated road digging by Dhaka City club (DCC), Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA), peeing and Sewerage Authority (WASA), Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB), Titas Gas and other utility service providers without any integration together make reasons for besides road congestion.17. In any roundabout in Dhaka the plying CNG, rickshaw, bus, etc devise multiple lines. They do this to grab a tiny space out of sheer desperation.18. almost of time, we see that during jam traffic police just let one side go for like 5 minutes or more which increase the jam more. They should manage it more professionally.19. With mass transport not allowed through BUET and DU it c reates excessive pressure on the abutting roads.20. Illegal occupation of roads by small traders and vendors is one of the causes of traffic jam in the town. No one is aware about it. Bus drivers are mostly responsible for traffic jam. They even dont care about the traffic rules and signals, which may create the congestion.21. Now a days thenumber of buses increases day by day. And the local buses are run very faster. They dont maintain the rules of the street. They just drive and occurring glum traffic jam.22. The numbers of old transportation are still in Dhaka city. Those are illegal. They dont have their fitness. But they are still running in the Dhaka city.23. More than sevensome degree centigrade thousand rickshaws ply the city road, but only seventy quintuple thousand have legal number. This huge number of rickshaws is creating traffic congestion. From time to time attempts are made to reduce the number, but the initiative unremarkably produces no results.24. Most foot- over bridges and underpasses remain unutilized by the pedestrians reasoning minatory and dodgy atmosphere inside as billboards block view from immaterial. unhygienic passageways, steep stairs and pathway encroached by hawkers make it difficult to move on the bridge and thats why they dont postulate to use the foot-over bridge.25. Many compressed natural gas (CNG) refuel move and petrol pumps are located skilful to the intersections that disturb or block the streets when large queues of vehicles break into the road. Although there is rule to set up refueling stations having vacant spaces to accommodate thirty vehicles to wait inside the compound, it has been overlooked.26. A lot of the plush shopping malls in the city have resulting illegal road occupation by vehicles. Between Panthapath and Sonargaon intersection the traffic jam at anytime of the day is horrible because of the citys biggest shopping mall constructed in the area.27. Some people dont want to use the parking spac e, too many people are habituated and passion to park them on the street so that can resulting traffic congestion.28. The fines for traffic violations are too meager to raise fear to the violators. The following remedial measures can be adopted for eliminating the traffic congestion problem in Dhaka city. Here three types of remedial is discussed Short term suggestions1. All offices should derail at 7.30 AM and all education institutes should start at 8 AM, Banking should start at 9 AM and all can be end within just 2.30 PM, 4.30 PM & 4 PM.2. Water transport should be established like other developed countries surrounding Dhaka city. By that WASA dont want to block the street.3. Population swan must be implementing as very purely like china, if we cannot agree over the population then we cannotgive the place to our next generation. From now, from immediately we should not take more than one child.4. Pedestrian facilities should be increase. circle path should be provide5. P olitical interface must be avoid6. There should be a whole park to school on traffic system for the residents and children especially since one of the main reasons for road accidents and drivers not following rules is because of the abundance of fake licenses7. Through highway system different sort of vehicle will run in different lane. If any driver breaks the rule he has to face some legal consequences like jail and financial penalty.8. The government has divided Dhaka into seven zones with shops and businesses in each to observe a different weekly holiday, which may resolve some pressure of traffic.9. People are habituated and thus love using the shortest way by crossing over the street. Now, that it poses risk for the vehicles and create unnecessary traffic block let apart risking the pedestrians lives, are not their concern. Create awareness to the people to use the foot over bridge, and zebra crossing to passing the road. Also make the passageway clear and hygienic to touch off people to use the foot-over bridge and underpasses.10. Rickshaw and other non-motorized vehicle strictly banned from the street.11. The rules for CNG refueling station have to be strictly maintained. Those are overlooked the rule are not able to do business. midterm examination suggestion1. CNG conversion for all types of personal cars (Private cars, light motor vehicles etc.) will need to be forbidden. This is to reduce traffic congestion on the streets of Dhaka city. In Bangladesh the price of CNG is comparatively cheap as a consequence many private vehicles were in the streets. In the year 2009 the number of registered vehicles was 5lac and 27,000 among these 2lac are private vehicles.2. To reduce air pollution and traffic congestion in Dhaka city, the use of private motor vehicles must be abridged.3. The number of rickshaw pullers is vast. Almost there are no roads or street or lane for them. So, DMP need to make an extra lane for keep the road free from traffic jam.4. Insta lling of CCTV sets to monitor traffic movement.5. Free the footpaths from illegal occupation of hawkers and bus counters.6. Private vehicles with less than four or five passengers would not be allowed to ply the city streets.7. From now the capital city of Dhaka should be blocked or stiff for limited persons as who can maintain living status of education, rules-regulations, civil sense, morality, regular tax payer and commodity service contributor etc.8. The highway bus, truck enter and travel the city between 11pm to 6am. Other than it is banned to travel in city highway.9. BRTC have to create lots of bus stoppage in the street but in a planned way, basically those place where so crowded. Without those stoppage any bus are not allow to stop. And also stoppage should be outside from the street, otherwise buses occupying road spaces which may block the traffic flow.10. Traffic management system has to be stronger enough. Every driver should have to follow the traffic system. DMP ha ve to create some steps by those citizens and drivers are able to make some knowledge about the traffic system. If the people are well known about the signal system than it will stop them to violating the traffic system.11. In front of every shopping mall an extra road need to construct as a stoppage.Long term suggestion1. Government can shift all wholesale markets, government administrative offices, Dhaka central jail, all industries, tanneries, to outside of Dhaka city. Industrializations should be based on upozilla it should not depend on metropolitan cities. accordingly rural areas will grow up step by step.2. Every school has to own the transport for the student especially at the patriarchal level. There are around 400 private & government schools in the capital. BRTC has already launched bus service for school going students to ease off traffic jam in the capital.3. All import-export connected offices should go to near port areas of Chittagong or Mongla, or in on the way to any port where they can send the goods easily for shipment. There is no need that those offices are to be Dhaka based.4. DHAKA citys public transport service may have improved somewhat over the past year with the introduction of new Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) buses on major routes but it is not yet to be good enough to be of capital quality.5. All main roads should be one way. All type car parking must solidification in all roads.6. Stopping of buses in middle of roads should be band except bus stops. Alltype stands of buses trucks, taxies, CNGs etc should band in the roads.7. Flyovers are constructed at important intersections to reduce traffic congestion. Expressways should be introduced for passengers to cover long distances over busy routes, like from Gabtoli to Motijheel, Gulistan to Airport right away without any stoppage.8. The citys lone dependency on surface transportation system should be diversified to monorail, metro rail, and elevated expressways. alike(p) other developed countries in the world we also have to clear the underway monorail, which minimize the traffic congestion.9. There are lots of vehicles are travel in Dhaka but the parking place is very few. So, to minimize the traffic congestion government have to Increase alley parking facilities.10. In Dhaka there are lots of school, college, and university, some of which were construct in front of main street, some of which were residential area and also some were in commercial area. Those have to build in some specific area, not to build in the residential or commercial area or in front of the street.Conclusion firearm very little can be done to change the large picture now, there are a number of smaller factors which displease the traffic situation in the city. Mega city Dhaka would get break out result through traffic management, physical restriction on car use, parking control, bus priority and provision for cyclists and pedestrians. While relocating some of the se establishments may not be feasible any longer, especially since the university campuses have become an integral part of city life, which the authorities in these institutions could allow a better flow of traffic during extreme traffic scenarios and the government should develop alternate roads and flyover along these places to smoothen the flow of traffic. Road building is a supply side measure taken on the basis of time saving but added that over the last decade, there has been a change of emphasis because of the notion that supply generates its own demand.The BRTA have to stop registration of small cars for a certain time and increase gas price have been shelved on the ground of socio-economic and political impact. Most of the cases, if any decision taken has gone against a certain attract was either withdrawn or halted in the middle of implementation. The BRTA is yet to be strict on issuing new cause license and those of drivers driving with illegal vehicles. It has not done any improvement in its culture module for bothnew and semi skilled old drivers keeping mind of the time. But the drivers are the forces responsible for killing more than 3000 people every year and deteriorating the traffic jam situation occupying the maximum road capacity. The minister admitted the governments failure in controlling the traffic situation in Dhaka. My point is failure or success comes after taking an action. But the government did not take any action at all to solve the problem.